Moss B
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0445, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 15;93(21):11341-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11341.
Vaccinia virus, no longer required for immunization against smallpox, now serves as a unique vector for expressing genes within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. As a research tool, recombinant vaccinia viruses are used to synthesize and analyze the structure-function relationships of proteins, determine the targets of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and investigate the types of immune response needed for protection against specific infectious diseases and cancer. The vaccine potential of recombinant vaccinia virus has been realized in the form of an effective oral wild-life rabies vaccine, although no product for humans has been licensed. A genetically altered vaccinia virus that is unable to replicate in mammalian cells and produces diminished cytopathic effects retains the capacity for high-level gene expression and immunogenicity while promising exceptional safety for laboratory workers and potential vaccine recipients.
牛痘病毒，现已不再用于天花免疫接种，目前作为一种独特的载体在哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中表达基因。作为一种研究工具，重组牛痘病毒用于合成和分析蛋白质的结构-功能关系，确定体液免疫和细胞介导免疫的靶点，并研究针对特定传染病和癌症的保护所需的免疫反应类型。重组牛痘病毒的疫苗潜力已通过一种有效的口服野生动物狂犬病疫苗得以实现，尽管尚未有针对人类的产品获得许可。一种经过基因改造的牛痘病毒，无法在哺乳动物细胞中复制且产生的细胞病变效应减弱，它在保持高水平基因表达和免疫原性的同时，有望为实验室工作人员和潜在的疫苗接种者提供非凡的安全性。
