Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Three Blackfan Circle, E/CLS-1006, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 Aug;10(8):1221-40. doi: 10.1586/erv.11.79.
Less than 200 years after its introduction, widespread use of vaccinia virus (VACV) as a smallpox vaccine has eradicated variola virus. Along with the remarkable success of the vaccination program, frequent and sometimes severe adverse reactions to VACV were encountered. After eradication, VACV has been reserved for select populations who might be at significant risk for orthopoxvirus infections. Events over the past decade have renewed concerns over the potential use of variola virus as a biological weapon. Accordingly, interest in VACV and attenuated derivatives has increased, both as vaccines against smallpox and as vectors for other vaccines. This article will focus on new developments in the field of orthopoxvirus immunization and will highlight recent advances in the use of vaccinia viruses as vectors for infectious diseases and malignancies.
在牛痘病毒（VACV）被广泛用作天花疫苗不到 200 年后，天花病毒已被根除。随着疫苗接种计划的显著成功，人们经常遇到 VACV 的不良反应，有时甚至很严重。在天花被根除后，VACV 被保留给那些可能面临严重正痘病毒感染风险的特定人群。过去十年中的事件重新引发了人们对天花病毒作为生物武器的潜在用途的担忧。因此，人们对 VACV 和减毒衍生病毒的兴趣增加了，它们既可以作为天花疫苗，也可以作为其他疫苗的载体。本文将重点介绍正痘病毒免疫领域的新进展，并强调 VACV 作为传染病和恶性肿瘤载体的最新进展。
