Cooper G J, Tse C A
Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Drugs Aging. 1996 Sep;9(3):202-12. doi: 10.2165/00002512-199609030-00006.
Amylin, a 37-amino acid peptide, is cosecreted with insulin from the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets in normal response to physiological stimuli. It is the major protein of islet amyloid, which is usually present in the pancreases of people with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Amylin elicits potent effects on carbohydrate metabolism in rodent tissues, causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver. A close structural relationship exists between amylin and the 2 calcitonin gene-related peptides, which are widely distributed neuropeptides and potent vasodilators. These exert biological effects similar to those of amylin on the organs primarily responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. All 3 peptides are thought to cause their biological actions by binding to similar cell surface receptors. This article reviews the field of amylin and its role in the physiological regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and in disease mechanisms associated with insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and essential hypertension. Potential therapeutic applications are also discussed.
胰淀素是一种由37个氨基酸组成的肽，在正常生理刺激反应下，它与胰岛素一起从胰岛的β细胞中共同分泌。它是胰岛淀粉样蛋白的主要成分，通常存在于非胰岛素依赖型（II型）糖尿病患者的胰腺中。胰淀素对啮齿动物组织的碳水化合物代谢有显著影响，会导致骨骼肌和肝脏产生胰岛素抵抗。胰淀素与两种降钙素基因相关肽存在密切的结构关系，这两种肽是广泛分布的神经肽和强效血管舒张剂。它们对主要负责调节碳水化合物代谢的器官产生与胰淀素类似的生物学效应。所有这三种肽都被认为是通过与相似的细胞表面受体结合来发挥其生物学作用的。本文综述了胰淀素领域及其在碳水化合物代谢的生理调节中的作用，以及在与糖尿病、糖耐量受损和原发性高血压中的胰岛素抵抗相关的疾病机制中的作用。还讨论了潜在的治疗应用。
