Gupta R, al-Odat N A, Gupta V P
Department of Medicine, Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur, India.
J Hum Hypertens. 1996 Jul;10(7):465-72.
Recent studies among Indians have shown a high prevalence of hypertension. To determine changing trends in hypertension prevalence, in mean blood pressure (BP) levels and to study urban and rural differences we performed meta-analysis of all available Indian studies. The first such study was reported by Chopra in 1942. Since then many studies (n = 33) in urban and rural areas of India have been performed. In urban populations earlier studies of Dotto (1949), Dubey (1954) and Sathe (1959) showed prevalence of hypertension of 1.24 +/- 0.2, 4.24 +/- 0.4 and 3.03 +/- 0.3% in populations of Calcutta, Kanpur and Bombay respectively. Studies since 1959 used World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines and have shown increasing trend in hypertension prevalence. Recent studies from Ludhiana (1985) and Jaipur (1995) show that prevalence is 14.08 +/- 1.1 and 10.99 +/- 0.7% respectively. Trend analysis in studies among urban areas (n = 10) shows a significant increase in hypertension prevalence (Mantel-Haenzel chi 2 = 5.99, P = 0.014). Studies in rural areas (n = 14) also show a significant increase in hypertension prevalence (Mantel-Haenzel chi 2 = 5.93, P = 0.014) although the rise is not as sharp as in urban populations (r value, urban = 0.70, rural = 0.67). Changes in mean BP levels were analysed by using mean systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP in urban men aged 40-49 years from 1959-1995. For SBP there was a significant increase (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) and not with DBP (r = 0.43, P > 0.2). It is concluded that in India hypertension is emerging as a major health problem more so in urban than in rural subjects. The increasing prevalence is related to a rising mean SBP.
近期针对印度人的研究显示高血压患病率很高。为了确定高血压患病率、平均血压（BP）水平的变化趋势，并研究城乡差异，我们对所有可得的印度研究进行了荟萃分析。第一项此类研究由乔普拉于1942年报道。从那时起，印度城乡地区开展了许多研究（n = 33）。在城市人群中，早期多托（1949年）、杜比（1954年）和萨特（1959年）的研究分别显示，加尔各答、坎普尔和孟买人群的高血压患病率为1.24±0.2%、4.24±0.4%和3.03±0.3%。自1959年以来的研究采用了世界卫生组织（WHO）的指南，显示高血压患病率呈上升趋势。卢迪亚纳（1985年）和斋浦尔（1995年）的近期研究表明，患病率分别为14.08±1.1%和10.99±0.7%。对城市地区研究（n = 10）的趋势分析显示，高血压患病率显著上升（曼特尔 - 亨泽尔卡方检验 = 5.99，P = 0.014）。农村地区的研究（n = 14）也显示高血压患病率显著上升（曼特尔 - 亨泽尔卡方检验 = 5.93，P = 0.014），尽管上升幅度不如城市人群大（r值，城市 = 0.70，农村 = 0.67）。通过分析1959 - 1995年40 - 49岁城市男性的平均收缩压（S）和舒张压（D）来研究平均血压水平的变化。收缩压有显著升高（r = 0.95，P < 0.001），而舒张压无显著变化（r = 0.43，P > 0.2）。得出的结论是，在印度，高血压正成为一个主要的健康问题，在城市比在农村更为严重。患病率的上升与平均收缩压的升高有关。
