Mackay T F, Hackett J B, Lyman R F, Wayne M L, Anholt R R
Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
Genetics. 1996 Oct;144(2):727-35. doi: 10.1093/genetics/144.2.727.
Quantitative genetic variation in behavioral response to the odorant, benzaldehyde, was assessed among a sample of 43 X and 35 third chromosomes extracted from a natural population and substituted into a common inbred background. Significant genetic variation among chromosome lines was detected. Heritability estimates for olfactory response, however, were low, as is typical for traits under natural selection. Furthermore, the loci affecting naturally occurring variation in olfactory response to benzaldehyde were not the same in males and females, since the genetic correlation between the sexes was low and not significantly different from zero for the chromosome 3 lines. Competitive fitness, viability and fertility of the chromosome 3 lines were estimated using the balancer equilibrium technique. Genetic correlations between fitness and odor-guided behavior were not significantly different from zero, suggesting the number of loci causing variation in olfactory response is small relative to the number of loci causing variation in fitness. Since different genes affect variation in olfactory response in males and females, genetic variation for olfactory response could be maintained by genotype x sex environment interaction. This unusual genetic architecture implies that divergent evolutionary trajectories for olfactory behavior may occur in males and females.
在从自然种群中提取并导入共同近交背景的43条X染色体和35条三号染色体样本中，评估了对气味剂苯甲醛行为反应的数量遗传变异。检测到染色体品系间存在显著的遗传变异。然而，嗅觉反应的遗传力估计值较低，这是自然选择下性状的典型情况。此外，影响对苯甲醛嗅觉反应自然变异的基因座在雄性和雌性中并不相同，因为性别间的遗传相关性较低，且三号染色体品系的性别间遗传相关性与零无显著差异。使用平衡子平衡技术估计三号染色体品系的竞争适合度、生存力和繁殖力。适合度与气味引导行为之间的遗传相关性与零无显著差异，这表明导致嗅觉反应变异的基因座数量相对于导致适合度变异的基因座数量较少。由于不同基因影响雄性和雌性的嗅觉反应变异，嗅觉反应的遗传变异可能通过基因型×性别环境相互作用得以维持。这种不寻常的遗传结构意味着嗅觉行为在雄性和雌性中可能会出现不同的进化轨迹。
