de Vernejoul M C
INSERM U349: Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone and Cartilage and Rheumatology Department, Centre Viggo Petersen, Hopital Lariboisiére, Paris, France.
Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1996 Sep;34(9):729-34.
Renewal of the bone matrix is induced by bone cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which act sequentially on the bone surface. This "remodelling" depends on local factors, such as cytokines and growth factors which play an important role in the bone tissue as mediators of cell-to-cell and matrix-to-cell communication. Growth factors released from the bone matrix during the resorption are responsible for the refilling of the resorption cavity by osteoblasts. Cytokines also mediate locally the effect of several hormones on bone cells. Recent work is concerned with the modulation by oestradiol of osteoblastic cytokines acting on osteoclast differentiation. In mice, an increased production of interleukin-6 production by osteoblasts is responsible for the increased bone resorption occurring after ovariectomy. Other growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta, whose secretion is modified by oestradiol, may also be implicated. In women, an increase in cytokine production by blood mononuclear cells is associated with the occurence of menopause and reversed by oestrogen treatment. During osteoporosis and age-related bone changes, changes in the production of insulin-like growth factor I or of one of its binding proteins could be responsible for low bone formation. In addition to their role in bone remodelling, cytokines and growth factors are now implicated in osteoporosis.
骨基质的更新由称为成骨细胞和破骨细胞的骨细胞诱导，它们依次作用于骨表面。这种“重塑”取决于局部因素，如细胞因子和生长因子，它们在骨组织中作为细胞间和基质与细胞间通讯的介质发挥重要作用。在吸收过程中从骨基质释放的生长因子负责成骨细胞对吸收腔的重新填充。细胞因子也在局部介导几种激素对骨细胞的作用。最近的研究关注雌二醇对作用于破骨细胞分化的成骨细胞细胞因子的调节。在小鼠中，成骨细胞白细胞介素-6产量的增加是卵巢切除术后骨吸收增加的原因。其他生长因子，如转化生长因子-β，其分泌受雌二醇调节，也可能与此有关。在女性中，血液单核细胞细胞因子产量的增加与绝经的发生有关，并可通过雌激素治疗逆转。在骨质疏松症和与年龄相关的骨骼变化期间，胰岛素样生长因子I或其一种结合蛋白产量的变化可能是骨形成低下的原因。除了在骨重塑中的作用外，细胞因子和生长因子现在也与骨质疏松症有关。
