Pumarino H, Pumarino M G
Sección de Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1996 Feb;124(2):248-57.
Cytokines are polypeptides that bind to membrane receptors and may act in an endocrine, paracrine or autocrine way. Several cytokines and growth factors may be produced by bone cells, stored in the matrix or act on them. Osteoclasts derive from the bone marrow stem cell and, as monocytes, belong to the family of tissue macrophages. Their specific function is bone resorption. Interleukin 1, 6 and 11, transforming growth factor and tumor necrosis factor stimulate osteoclast mediated bone resorption. Interleukin 1 is the most potent bone resorption agent and seems to be identical to osteoclast activation factor, identified in multiple myeloma. The role of interleukin 1, 6, 11 and tumor necrosis factors in postmenopausal osteoporosis triggered by the fall in estrogen levels, has not been well defined yet. Cytokines that increase bone formation are insulin like growth factors I and II, transforming growth factor, platelet derived growth factor and bone morphogenic proteins. Probably, tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma have a depressor effect on bone formation. Cytokines and growth factors, liberated from bone cells or from the matrix during osteoclastic work, could be the signals responsible for coupling bone formation and resorption.
细胞因子是一类能与膜受体结合的多肽，可通过内分泌、旁分泌或自分泌方式发挥作用。几种细胞因子和生长因子可由骨细胞产生，储存于基质中或作用于骨细胞。破骨细胞起源于骨髓干细胞，作为单核细胞，属于组织巨噬细胞家族。其特定功能是骨吸收。白细胞介素1、6和11、转化生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子可刺激破骨细胞介导的骨吸收。白细胞介素1是最有效的骨吸收因子，似乎与在多发性骨髓瘤中发现的破骨细胞激活因子相同。白细胞介素1、6、11和肿瘤坏死因子在雌激素水平下降引发的绝经后骨质疏松症中的作用尚未明确。促进骨形成的细胞因子有胰岛素样生长因子I和II、转化生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子和骨形态发生蛋白。可能肿瘤坏死因子和干扰素-γ对骨形成有抑制作用。在破骨细胞活动过程中从骨细胞或基质中释放的细胞因子和生长因子，可能是负责耦合骨形成和骨吸收的信号。
