Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Banegas J R, Graciani A, Hernández-Vecino R, del Rey-Calero J
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;12(4):367-71. doi: 10.1007/BF00145299.
Various methods of estimating food consumption, such as food balance sheets (FBS) and household surveys (HS), have been developed over the years and have been used to inform, monitor and evaluate nutrition policies. Because these methods vary in their objectives and data collection procedures, the objective of this study has been to elaborate FBS data for Spain and to study the consistency of fat, carbohydrate and protein intake trends, as measured by FBS and HS, for the period 1958 to 1988. Food balance sheets were elaborated by the authors according to the methodology of FAO using all available data sources for the 1958-1988 period. This data considered every major food item contributing to the total energy intake of the spanish population. Household survey data were taken from three similar national household budget surveys carried out on a representative sample of the Spanish population in 1958, 1964-1965, and 1980-1981. Estimates of food consumption were transformed into macronutrient intake by applying standard food tables. When macronutrient intake were expressed in absolute amounts, an unexpected finding was the tendency of the household surveys to overestimate food balance sheet data for fat, and to a lesser extent protein and carbohydrate, intake during the first years in the series. Also, the slopes of the trends of macronutrient intake were significantly (p < 0.05) greater for food balance sheets than for household survey data, specially for fat. When macronutrient intake were expressed as percent of total energy, differences between the two types of data tended to diminish and heterogeneity of slopes disappeared. We conclude that household survey and food supply data provide partially different information on macronutrient intake trends in the Spanish population for the period 1958-1988. The discrepancy is particularly noticeable for fat intake and when data are expressed in absolute amounts.
多年来，人们开发了各种估算食物消费量的方法，如食物平衡表（FBS）和家庭调查（HS），并将其用于为营养政策提供信息、进行监测和评估。由于这些方法在目标和数据收集程序上存在差异，本研究的目的是精心编制西班牙的食物平衡表数据，并研究1958年至1988年期间通过食物平衡表和家庭调查衡量的脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入量趋势的一致性。作者根据粮农组织的方法，利用1958 - 1988年期间所有可用的数据源精心编制了食物平衡表。这些数据考虑了构成西班牙人口总能量摄入的每一种主要食物项目。家庭调查数据取自1958年、1964 - 1965年以及1980 - 1981年对西班牙人口代表性样本进行的三次类似的全国家庭预算调查。通过应用标准食物表，将食物消费量的估算值转化为宏量营养素摄入量。当宏量营养素摄入量以绝对量表示时，一个意外的发现是，在该系列的最初几年中，家庭调查倾向于高估食物平衡表中脂肪的摄入量，对蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量的高估程度较小。此外，食物平衡表中宏量营养素摄入量趋势的斜率显著（p < 0.05）大于家庭调查数据，特别是对于脂肪。当宏量营养素摄入量表示为总能量的百分比时，两种数据类型之间的差异趋于减小，斜率的异质性消失。我们得出结论，家庭调查和食物供应数据在1958 - 1988年期间为西班牙人口宏量营养素摄入量趋势提供了部分不同的信息。这种差异在脂肪摄入量以及数据以绝对量表示时尤为明显。
