Giancola P R, Zeichner A, Yarnell J E, Dickson K E
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213-2593, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Sep;20(6):1094-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01952.x.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between Executive Cognitive Functioning (ECF) and the adverse consequences of alcohol consumption. ECF encompasses "higher order" cognitive abilities involved in goal-directed behavior, such as attentional control, mental flexibility, planning, and self-monitoring. Impaired ECF has been shown to result in a variety of negative consequences, including excessive drug and alcohol use. Subjects were 79 nonalcoholic male social drinkers between 17 to 30 years of age. ECF was measured using three neuropsychological tests: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Conditional Associative Learning Test (CAT), and the Sequential Matching Memory Test (SMMT). Adverse drinking consequences were measured using the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). The DrInC assesses drinking consequences in five domains: Physical, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Social Responsibility, and Impulse Control. Scores from the neuropsychological tests were reduced into two latent variables: one representing the WCST and the other representing the CAT and SMMT. The results indicated that errors on the CAT/SMMT variable were positively related to adverse consequences in each domain, except for physical consequences. A similar association was found between the WCST variable and impulse control consequences. These findings indicate that performance on tests measuring ECF is related to the severity of drinking consequences. Therefore, prevention and treatment outcomes may be improved by incorporating cognitive habilitation into current interventions.
本研究的目的是评估执行认知功能（ECF）与饮酒不良后果之间的关系。ECF包括参与目标导向行为的“高阶”认知能力，如注意力控制、心理灵活性、规划和自我监控。已表明ECF受损会导致各种负面后果，包括过度使用药物和酒精。研究对象为79名年龄在17至30岁之间的非酒精性男性社交饮酒者。使用三项神经心理学测试来测量ECF：威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）、条件联想学习测试（CAT）和序列匹配记忆测试（SMMT）。使用饮酒后果清单（DrInC）来测量不良饮酒后果。DrInC在五个领域评估饮酒后果：身体方面、人际内部、人际间、社会责任和冲动控制。神经心理学测试的分数被归纳为两个潜在变量：一个代表WCST，另一个代表CAT和SMMT。结果表明，除身体后果外，CAT/SMMT变量上的错误与每个领域的不良后果呈正相关。在WCST变量与冲动控制后果之间也发现了类似的关联。这些发现表明，测量ECF的测试表现与饮酒后果的严重程度相关。因此，通过将认知康复纳入当前干预措施，预防和治疗效果可能会得到改善。
