Fadardi Javad Salehi, Cox W Miles
School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor LL57 2AS, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Apr;185(2):169-78. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0268-0. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
This study evaluated whether alcohol attentional bias is an artifact of excessive drinkers' impaired cognitive functioning, which adversely affects their performance on the classic Stroop test (a measure of inhibitory control) and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS; a measure of verbal and abstraction ability). Both tests measure aspects of executive cognitive functioning (ECF).
Social drinkers (N=87) and alcohol-dependent drinkers (N=47) completed a measure of alcohol consumption, classic and alcohol-related Stroop tests, and the SILS.
A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the dependent drinkers were poorer on the cognitive measures (SILS scores and classic Stroop interference) and had greater alcohol attentional bias than the social drinkers. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in which the cognitive measures were controlled showed that the dependent drinkers' greater alcohol attentional bias was not an artifact of their poorer cognitive performance.
The results are discussed in terms of cognitive-motivational models, which suggest that excessive drinking sensitizes alcohol abusers' attentional responsiveness to alcohol-related stimuli to a degree that exceeds the adverse effects of alcohol on their general cognitive functioning.
本研究评估饮酒注意偏向是否是过度饮酒者认知功能受损的一种假象，这种受损会对他们在经典斯特鲁普测试（一种抑制控制的测量方法）和希普利生活量表（SILS；一种语言和抽象能力的测量方法）中的表现产生不利影响。这两种测试均测量执行认知功能（ECF）的各个方面。
社交饮酒者（N = 87）和酒精依赖饮酒者（N = 47）完成了一项酒精消费量测量、经典及与酒精相关的斯特鲁普测试以及SILS测试。
多变量方差分析（MANOVA）显示，依赖饮酒者在认知测量方面（SILS分数和经典斯特鲁普干扰）表现更差，且比社交饮酒者有更大的饮酒注意偏向。在控制了认知测量的协方差分析（ANCOVA）中显示，依赖饮酒者更大的饮酒注意偏向并非其较差认知表现的假象。
根据认知 - 动机模型对结果进行了讨论，该模型表明，过度饮酒使酗酒者对与酒精相关刺激的注意反应敏感化，其程度超过了酒精对他们一般认知功能的不利影响。
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