Sprince N L, Palmer J A, Popendorf W, Thorne P S, Selim M I, Zwerling C, Miller E R
Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Oct;30(4):421-9. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<421::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-Y.
This cross-sectional study was designed to assess differences in prevalence of contact dermatitis between machine operators exposed to metal-working fluids (MWFs) and unexposed assemblers, and to assess potential risk factors for contact dermatitis among these machine operators. In their work, machine operators were exposed to either semisynthetic or soluble oil MWFs. We evaluated 158 machine operators and 51 assemblers from one large automobile transmission plant using questionnaires, dermatologist examination of the skin, and dermal dosimetry to measure wetness and metal exposures. We found that machine operators had more combined (definite plus possible) dermatitis (27.2% vs. 13.7%, chi(2) = 3.9, p = 0.05, 1 df) compared with assemblers. Among machine operators, risk factors significantly associated with (combined) dermatitis were subjective assessment of wetness of the work, exposure to semisynthetic as opposed to soluble oil MWF, current cigarette smoking, and increasing worker age. These risk factors suggested preventive and control measures including control of wet work, surveillance program including early self-report of dermatitis, consideration of replacement of semisynthetic with soluble oil MWFs, and strictly limiting smoking among machine operators exposed to MWFs.
这项横断面研究旨在评估接触金属加工液（MWFs）的机器操作员与未接触的装配工之间接触性皮炎患病率的差异，并评估这些机器操作员中接触性皮炎的潜在风险因素。在工作中，机器操作员接触的是半合成或可溶性油MWFs。我们使用问卷调查、皮肤科医生对皮肤的检查以及测量湿度和金属暴露的皮肤剂量测定法，对一家大型汽车变速器工厂的158名机器操作员和51名装配工进行了评估。我们发现，与装配工相比，机器操作员患合并（确诊加可能）性皮炎的比例更高（27.2%对13.7%，卡方值=3.9，p=0.05，自由度为1）。在机器操作员中，与（合并）性皮炎显著相关的风险因素包括对工作湿度的主观评估、接触半合成MWF而非可溶性油MWF、当前吸烟以及工人年龄增加。这些风险因素提示了预防和控制措施，包括控制湿作业、实施包括皮炎早期自我报告的监测计划、考虑用可溶性油MWF替代半合成MWF，以及严格限制接触MWF的机器操作员吸烟。
