Macdonald I A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
Diabet Med. 1996 Sep;13(9 Suppl 5):S11-5.
There is increasing evidence that both gastric emptying and the uptake of glucose from the small intestine are influenced by a variety of factors. Physicochemical factors, such as volume, viscosity, and the relative nutrient components of the meal, are all known to influence the rate at which it is emptied from the stomach. However, there is also evidence that (some of) the intestinal hormones may feed back on the stomach, usually with the effect of slowing the rate of emptying. Similar hormonal effects also influence the rate of glucose uptake from the small intestine. However, another important influence on glucose uptake is the rate of perfusion of the small intestine which, like gastric emptying, can be altered both by hormonal effects (e.g. inhibition by somatostatin) and meal composition.
越来越多的证据表明，胃排空和小肠对葡萄糖的吸收均受多种因素影响。物理化学因素，如食物的体积、黏度及相对营养成分，均会影响其从胃中排空的速率。然而，也有证据表明，（某些）肠激素可能会对胃产生反馈作用，通常会减缓胃排空速率。类似的激素作用也会影响小肠对葡萄糖的吸收速率。然而，对葡萄糖吸收的另一个重要影响因素是小肠的灌注速率，与胃排空一样，它也会受到激素作用（如生长抑素的抑制作用）和食物成分的影响而发生改变。
