Blum R W, Blum L, Phillips S, Smith P, Slap G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1996 Oct;19(4):308-14. doi: 10.1016/1054-139X(95)00325-M.
The purpose of this study was to report on the current state of adolescent health in Russia.
By means of site visits, literature review, discussions with Russian colleagues, and a scientific meeting in Moscow, data were collected on health status of youth, the organization of health services, and professional training.
Youth over the age of 14 are served in the adult health care system. Youth clinics are just now emerging. Substance abuse is a major issue; AIDS is rare. Rates of sexual intercourse parallel many western European countries; however, contraception is expensive by Russian standards and often not used. Those with behavioral, physical, and intellectual impairments tend to be educated in special settings and managed by psychiatrists.
The Russian health care system is undergoing radical transformation. The traditional Soviet system, with its heavy reliance on medical interventions and prolonged inpatient hospitalizations, is threatened by a lack of resources. Privatization of health care poses additional threats, as do the social transformations that are occurring. These changes create a very uncertain future for the health and well-being of youth in Russia.
本研究旨在报告俄罗斯青少年健康的现状。
通过实地考察、文献综述、与俄罗斯同事的讨论以及在莫斯科召开的一次科学会议，收集了有关青少年健康状况、卫生服务组织和专业培训的数据。
14岁以上的青少年在成人医疗保健系统中接受服务。青少年诊所刚刚出现。药物滥用是一个主要问题；艾滋病病例很少。性行为发生率与许多西欧国家相当；然而，按照俄罗斯的标准，避孕措施费用昂贵，而且常常不被采用。有行为、身体和智力障碍的青少年往往在特殊环境中接受教育，并由精神科医生管理。
俄罗斯医疗保健系统正在经历根本性变革。传统的苏联医疗体系严重依赖医疗干预和长期住院治疗，如今因资源匮乏而受到威胁。医疗保健私有化带来了额外的威胁，正在发生的社会变革也是如此。这些变化给俄罗斯青少年的健康和福祉带来了非常不确定的未来。
