Deli M A, Joó F
Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
Keio J Med. 1996 Sep;45(3):183-98; discussion 198-9. doi: 10.2302/kjm.45.183.
The endothelium is a single-cell lining the blood vessels and represents an interface between blood and tissue. It acts as a selective permeability barrier, regulates coagulation and contributes to the behaviour of cells both in the circulation and in the vessel wall. Because of its location, one of the most important function of the endothelium is the regulation of the movement from the vascular to the extravascular space of water and solutes containing nutrients. Recent advances in our knowledge of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have in part been made by studying the properties and function of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) in vitro. After an era working with a fraction, enriched in cerebral microvessels by centrifugation, the next generation of in vitro BBB model systems was introduced, when the conditions for routinely culturing the endothelial cells were established. This review summarizes the results from this rapidly growing field. In addition to providing a better insight into the chemical composition of CECs, much has been learned from these studies about the characteristics of transport processes and cell-to-cell interactions during the last years. Astrocytes and neuronal elements contribute to the induction of BBB properties of CECs during ontogenesis and in tissue culture conditions. With the application of new technologies, the approach offers new means to investigation, applicable not only to biochemistry and physiology but also to the drug research, and may improve the transport of substances through the BBB. CECs grown on microporous cell culture inserts and co-cultured with astrocytes or treated by astrocyte-conditioned media proved to be excellent models for studying the direct effects of mediators and second messengers on the transendothelial permeability. The in vitro approach has been and should remain an excellent model of the BBB to help unravel the complex molecular interactions underlying and regulating the permeability of cerebral endothelium.
内皮是血管的单细胞内衬，代表血液与组织之间的界面。它作为选择性渗透屏障，调节凝血，并影响循环中和血管壁内细胞的行为。由于其位置，内皮最重要的功能之一是调节水和含营养物质的溶质从血管向血管外空间的移动。我们对血脑屏障（BBB）认识的最新进展部分来自于对脑内皮细胞（CEC）体外特性和功能的研究。在经历了一个通过离心富集脑微血管片段的时代后，随着内皮细胞常规培养条件的建立，新一代的体外血脑屏障模型系统被引入。这篇综述总结了这个快速发展领域的研究结果。除了能更好地了解脑内皮细胞的化学成分外，在过去几年里，从这些研究中还了解到了许多关于转运过程的特征以及细胞间相互作用的知识。星形胶质细胞和神经元成分在个体发育过程中以及组织培养条件下有助于诱导脑内皮细胞的血脑屏障特性。随着新技术的应用，这种方法提供了新的研究手段，不仅适用于生物化学和生理学，也适用于药物研究，并且可能改善物质通过血脑屏障的转运。在微孔细胞培养插入物上生长并与星形胶质细胞共培养或用星形胶质细胞条件培养基处理的脑内皮细胞被证明是研究介质和第二信使对跨内皮通透性直接影响的优秀模型。体外研究方法一直是且仍将是血脑屏障的优秀模型，有助于揭示脑内皮通透性背后复杂的分子相互作用及其调节机制。
