Malina R M
Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1996 Sep;67(3 Suppl):S48-57. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1996.10608853.
Although different indicators of physical activity and different methods of analysis are used, it appears that physical activity tracks at low to moderate levels during adolescence, from adolescence into adulthood, and across various ages in adulthood. Tracking of inactivity is less often studied. Measures of performance- and health-related physical fitness (strength, flexibility, motor fitness, aerobic power) track significantly across childhood and adolescence, but correlations are low to moderate. Limited data that span adolescence into adulthood indicate somewhat higher interage correlations for flexibility, static strength, and power. Data for different periods in adulthood are not available. Presently, it is common to criticize focus on motor and sport skills in physical education and competitive sports as contrary to health and fitness goals (e.g., James, 1995; Livingstone, 1994; Simons-Morton et al., 1988). There is a need, however, to distinguish between youth or community sports and highly specialized sport for the elite. Sports activities, be they competitive or recreational, are probably the major form of physical activity during childhood and adolescence, and perhaps in young adulthood. Though low to moderate, the tracking of various activity indicators, most of which include sport participation, suggests that sport activities during childhood and youth may form the foundation for activity habits in the future.
尽管使用了不同的身体活动指标和不同的分析方法，但似乎身体活动在青少年时期、从青少年到成年以及成年后的各个年龄段都保持在低到中等水平。对不活动情况的跟踪研究较少。与表现和健康相关的身体素质（力量、柔韧性、运动体能、有氧能力）指标在儿童期和青少年期有显著的跟踪性，但相关性为低到中等。跨越青少年到成年期的有限数据表明，柔韧性、静态力量和功率的年龄间相关性略高。目前没有成年期不同阶段的数据。目前，人们普遍批评体育教育和竞技体育中对运动和运动技能的关注与健康和健身目标相悖（例如，詹姆斯，1995年；利文斯通，1994年；西蒙斯 - 莫顿等人，1988年）。然而，有必要区分青少年或社区体育与精英的高度专业化体育。体育活动，无论是竞技性的还是娱乐性的，可能是儿童期和青少年期，也许在青年期身体活动的主要形式。尽管各种活动指标的跟踪性为低到中等，其中大多数包括体育参与，但这表明儿童期和青少年期的体育活动可能为未来的活动习惯奠定基础。
