Wheeler M L, Franz M, Barrier P, Holler H, Cronmiller N, Delahanty L M
Diabetes Research and Training Center, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1996 Nov;96(11):1167-71. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00299-4.
For more than 50 years the exchange lists have been one method of meal planning for persons with diabetes as well as for those on weight-loss regimens. Little research has been conducted, however, concerning the methodologic basis of the system or its clinical effectiveness. Justification for specific food inclusions and general food groupings for the 1995 revision of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning is provided by a database of foods and associated energy and macronutrient values. The mean energy and macronutrient values for each of the lists and sublists (starch, fruit, milk, and vegetables from the carbohydrate group; the meat and meal substitutes group, and the fat group) closely match the mean exchange values; however, the standard deviation and range are large. Interpretation of the database provides a rationale and guidance for decision making in clinical practice when using exchanges for meal planning, recipe, and food label calculations.
五十多年来，食物交换份一直是糖尿病患者以及减肥人群膳食计划的一种方法。然而，关于该系统的方法学基础或其临床效果，所开展的研究甚少。《膳食计划食物交换份》1995年修订版中特定食物纳入及一般食物分组的依据，来自一个包含食物及相关能量和宏量营养素值的数据库。每个列表和子列表（碳水化合物组中的淀粉、水果、牛奶和蔬菜；肉类及膳食替代物组，以及脂肪组）的平均能量和宏量营养素值与平均交换值密切匹配；然而，标准差和范围较大。对该数据库的解读为临床实践中在使用交换份进行膳食计划、食谱制定和食品标签计算时的决策提供了理论依据和指导。
