Raymond C W
Can Med Assoc J. 1977 Aug 20;117(4):370-2.
Treatment of the patient who has taken an overdose of a harmful substance includes support of vital functions and toxicologic analysis. Early recognition of signs and symptoms indicating poisoning by a specific agent or group of related chemicals is essential since specific antidotes may be lifesaving. Activated charcoal is an effective gastrointestinal decontaminant that adsorbs many common drugs. Administration of weak acids as an antidote to alkali ingestion is to be condemned; the only treatment should be dilution with water. The use of physostigmine as a specific antidote for the anticholinergic syndrome has been very successful; the incidence of this syndrome as a result of poisoning by tricyclic antidepressants is increasing. Effective therapy for acetaminophen overdose is still being investigated, but activated charcoal and methionine, if given early enough, seem to be effective.
对过量摄入有害物质的患者进行治疗包括维持生命功能和进行毒理学分析。尽早识别由特定药物或一组相关化学物质中毒引起的体征和症状至关重要，因为特定的解毒剂可能会挽救生命。活性炭是一种有效的胃肠道去污剂，可吸附许多常见药物。使用弱酸作为碱摄入的解毒剂是不可取的；唯一的治疗方法应该是用水稀释。使用毒扁豆碱作为抗胆碱能综合征的特定解毒剂非常成功；三环类抗抑郁药中毒导致这种综合征的发生率正在上升。对乙酰氨基酚过量的有效治疗仍在研究中，但如果尽早给予活性炭和蛋氨酸，似乎是有效的。
