Matczak W, Trzcinka-Ochocka M, Chmielnicka J
Department of Chemical Hazards, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1995;8(4):301-13.
Increased levels of Cr discharged with urine after working shift, Cr-U (arithmetic mean 15.8 mu g/g creatinine), and Cr buildup during working shift, DeltaCr-U (arithmetic mean 3.8 mu g/g creatinine), were observed in 15 MMA/SS welders exposed during the working week to welding fumes containing Cr VI (33-56%) - mainly soluble (87%) and Cr III (44-67%) - mainly insoluble (72%). The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for DeltaCr-U vs. Cr total (r = 0.58), Cr VI (r = 0.56) and soluble Cr III in the air. Increased DeltaCr-U value for exposures at MAC Cr VI (16.8 mu g/g creatinine) was demonstrated in welders employed longer than 7 years and exposed to Cr VI below MAC level, which might suggest that the duration of employment affects that value within the low range of concentration of Cr VI in the air (< 0.03 mg/m3). Nevertheless, linear relationship between DeltaCr-U for exposures to Cr VI at MAC levels and duration of employment was not confirmed for wide range of air Cr VI (0.005-0.4 mg/m3). Similar DeltaCr-U values at MAC for Cr VI (6.4 and 6.6 mu g/g creatinine) were obtained for all welders, and those employed over 7 years, respectively, which may suggest that this parameter can be misleading.
在一周工作期间接触含六价铬（33%-56%）——主要是可溶性的（87%）和三价铬（44%-67%）——主要是不溶性的（72%）焊接烟雾的15名甲基丙烯酸甲酯/不锈钢焊工中，观察到轮班后随尿液排出的铬水平升高，即尿铬（算术平均值为15.8μg/g肌酐），以及轮班期间的铬蓄积量，即Δ尿铬（算术平均值为3.8μg/g肌酐）。Δ尿铬与空气中总铬（r = 0.58）、六价铬（r = 0.56）和可溶性三价铬的相关系数最高。对于工作超过7年且接触六价铬低于职业接触限值水平的焊工，证明其在六价铬职业接触限值（16.8μg/g肌酐）下暴露时的Δ尿铬值增加，这可能表明就业时长在空气中六价铬低浓度范围（<0.03mg/m³）内会影响该值。然而，对于广泛的空气中六价铬范围（0.005 - 0.4mg/m³），未证实六价铬职业接触限值水平下的暴露与就业时长之间存在线性关系。所有焊工和工作超过7年的焊工在六价铬职业接触限值时分别获得了相似的Δ尿铬值（6.4和6.6μg/g肌酐），这可能表明该参数可能会产生误导。
