Kingery P M, Pruitt B E, Heuberger G
Dept. of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0219, USA.
J Sch Health. 1996 Jan;66(1):18-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1996.tb06252.x.
Students in randomly selected eighth and 10th grade English classrooms (n = 1,072) in central Texas schools were surveyed in fall 1994 regarding carrying weapons to school and associated risk factors. Students who carried a handgun to school one or more times during the preceding 12 months were compared to those who had not done so, using discriminant analysis and chi-square. Gun carrying at school increased 138% from seven years earlier in the same area using the same survey procedures. Most students reported they carried a gun out of fear or anger. Those who carried a gun at school had extremely elevated rates of repeated victimization of several types during the previous year: 589% higher for attack at school, 552% higher for attack outside school supervision, 576% higher for attempts to force sex at school, and 216% higher for rape. They also were more likely to enter dangerous situations repeatedly, were 17 times more likely to have used crack cocaine, had less instruction on preventing violence, less knowledge about means of avoiding fighting, and felt an obligation to fight under a wider variety of situations. Study variables accurately classified 78.4% of gun carriers as such. Researchers concluded that efforts at prevention of handgun violence in schools should include interventions to increase the safety of a select group of vulnerable students, while providing psychological counseling to assist them in overcoming emotional effects of victimization as part of larger violence prevention efforts.
1994年秋季，对得克萨斯州中部学校随机抽取的八年级和十年级英语课堂的学生（n = 1072）进行了关于携带武器上学及相关风险因素的调查。使用判别分析和卡方检验，将在过去12个月内携带手枪上学一次或多次的学生与未携带的学生进行比较。采用相同的调查程序，该地区学校携带枪支的情况比七年前增加了138%。大多数学生表示他们携带枪支是出于恐惧或愤怒。那些在学校携带枪支的学生在前一年遭受几种类型的重复受害率极高：在学校遭受攻击的比例高出589%，在学校监管范围外遭受攻击的比例高出552%，在学校被迫发生性行为的比例高出576%，遭受强奸的比例高出216%。他们也更有可能反复陷入危险境地，使用快克可卡因的可能性高出17倍，接受预防暴力教育较少，对避免打架的方法了解较少，并且在更多情况下觉得有义务打架。研究变量将78.4%的枪支携带者准确分类。研究人员得出结论，预防校园手枪暴力的努力应包括采取干预措施，提高一部分易受伤害学生的安全性，同时提供心理咨询，帮助他们克服受害带来的情感影响，作为更大规模暴力预防工作的一部分。
