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This article has discussed how critical thinkers solve problems. The ideas are intended to help pharmacists analyze problems and communicate recommendations. The ideas are intended to help pharmacists analyze their process for dealing with problems and to help with communication skills that facilitate information gathering and recommendations. The scientific method provides a framework for focused problem solving. Biases may adversely affect problem solving; critical thinkers work consciously to minimize them. Critical thinkers continually evaluate the quality of their information sources. Finally, critical thinkers practice effective communication skills. Each day, pharmacists make numerous decisions that have great impact on patient outcomes. These decisions must often be made with little warning and in a brief period of time. Providing pharmaceutical care demands that the critical-thinking process operate efficiently at all times. Just as sound clinical judgments depend on applying accepted principles of pharmacotherapy to individual patients, critical thinking must also be individualized. There is no single model for critical thinking. Many factors, including personality, environmental influence, and genetics, determine the critical-thinking process for a given individual. Critical thinking, however, is not an innate talent. It must be practiced and developed.
本文讨论了批判性思维者如何解决问题。这些观点旨在帮助药剂师分析问题并传达建议。这些观点旨在帮助药剂师分析他们处理问题的过程，并有助于提高促进信息收集和建议的沟通技巧。科学方法为有针对性地解决问题提供了一个框架。偏见可能会对解决问题产生不利影响；批判性思维者会有意识地努力将其最小化。批判性思维者会不断评估其信息来源的质量。最后，批判性思维者要练习有效的沟通技巧。每天，药剂师都会做出许多对患者治疗结果有重大影响的决定。这些决定往往必须在几乎没有预警的情况下，在短时间内做出。提供药学服务要求批判性思维过程始终高效运行。正如合理的临床判断取决于将公认的药物治疗原则应用于个体患者一样，批判性思维也必须因人而异。批判性思维没有单一的模式。许多因素，包括个性、环境影响和基因，决定了特定个体的批判性思维过程。然而，批判性思维不是一种天生的才能。它必须通过练习和培养才能获得。
