Grevin F
California School of Professional Psychology, USA.
Psychol Rep. 1996 Oct;79(2):483-95. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.483.
Although numerous studies have indicated that paramedics experience high occupational stress, there has been a lack of research addressing the mental health implications of this elevated stress on these emergency workers. Related constructs such as the coping mechanisms and personality characteristics of paramedics have also been neglected. Groups of experienced paramedics (n = 120) and paramedic students (n = 105) were, therefore, assessed for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, the extent and mode of ego defense utilization, and empathy. Analyses indicated that 20% of the experienced paramedics and 22% of the paramedic students appear to be suffering from trauma as measured by the MMPI-2 PK Scale. Denial and Repression scores were significantly high compared to normative samples for both groups, while Regression and Reaction Formation scores were significantly low. Both the paramedics and paramedic students had significantly low scores on Empathy. It is suggested that paramedics may be predisposed to these personality traits and that high denial and low empathy serve as functionally adaptive mechanisms in a chronically stressful work environment.
尽管众多研究表明护理人员承受着高度的职业压力，但针对这种压力增加对这些急救人员心理健康影响的研究却很匮乏。护理人员的应对机制和人格特征等相关概念也一直被忽视。因此，对经验丰富的护理人员组（n = 120）和护理专业学生组（n = 105）进行了创伤后应激障碍、自我防御机制运用的程度和方式以及同理心的评估。分析表明，根据明尼苏达多相人格测验第二版创伤后应激量表（MMPI - 2 PK Scale）测量，20%的经验丰富的护理人员和22%的护理专业学生似乎患有创伤。与两组的常模样本相比，否认和压抑得分显著较高，而退行和反向形成得分显著较低。护理人员和护理专业学生在同理心方面的得分均显著较低。有人认为，护理人员可能易患这些人格特质，在长期压力大的工作环境中，高度的否认和低同理心起到了功能性适应机制的作用。
