Bosworth K, Espelage D, DuBay T, Dahlberg L L, Daytner G
Center for Adolescent Studies, School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405-1006, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5 Suppl):65-74.
SMART Talk is a multimedia, computer-based violence-prevention intervention that employs games, simulations, graphics, cartoons, and interactive interviews to engage young adolescents in learning new skills to resolve conflicts without violence. Eight modules cover anger management, dispute resolution, and perspective taking. SMART Talk was pilot-tested in a small-city middle school during a three-week period. After the pilot testing, SMART Talk was implemented in a middle school (sixth, seventh, and eighth grades) with a diverse socioeconomic population, located within 10 miles of a major Midwestern metropolis. The 16-week intervention began in January. Students had access to SMART Talk during the school day and could use the computer alone or with a partner. Subjects for whom parental permission (n = 558) was granted were given a preintervention and postintervention survey. The survey measured demographic, psychosocial, and environmental factors as well as aggressive and other violence-related behaviors. After the pretest, two teams from each grade were randomly assigned to the intervention group and one team to the control group. Only students in the intervention group had access to SMART Talk during the 16-week intervention period. After the posttest, control subjects had access to SMART Talk. Additional data for the evaluation were collected through archival records of grades and school disciplinary actions. All variables indicated comparability between intervention and control groups. As a population, 84% of the students were Caucasian and 9% were African American. Psychosocial variables indicated 30-day frequently angry (64%), 30-day depression (15%), and impulsivity (28%). Environmental variables indicated that 68% reported they could get a gun easily, 59% feel unsafe in their neighborhood, and 24% were personally affected by violence. Violence-related variables indicated 30-day threatened to hit (45%), 30-day hit someone (56%), bullying behavior (29%), and fighting (38%). Overall, a significant percentage of the sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-graders in this study have engaged in aggressive or risky behaviors such as fighting and bullying other students. Because many of these students frequently are angry, feel unsafe in their neighborhood, and have been personally affected by violence, violence-prevention programs are warranted in this school. SMART Talk gave the students an avenue to explore anger-management strategies and conflict-resolution and perspective-taking skills.
“明智交谈”（SMART Talk）是一种基于计算机的多媒体暴力预防干预项目，它利用游戏、模拟、图形、卡通以及互动访谈等形式，让青少年参与学习新技能，以非暴力方式解决冲突。该项目有八个模块，涵盖愤怒管理、争端解决以及换位思考。“明智交谈”在一个小城市的中学进行了为期三周的试点测试。试点测试之后，该项目在一所位于中西部一个主要大都市10英里范围内、社会经济背景多样的中学（六年级、七年级和八年级）实施。为期16周的干预从1月份开始。学生在上学日可以使用“明智交谈”，可以独自使用电脑，也可以与同伴一起使用。获得家长许可的学生（n = 558）在干预前后接受了调查。该调查测量了人口统计学、心理社会和环境因素以及攻击性行为和其他与暴力相关的行为。预测试之后，每个年级的两个小组被随机分配到干预组，一个小组被分配到对照组。在为期16周的干预期内，只有干预组的学生可以使用“明智交谈”。后测试之后，对照组的学生也可以使用“明智交谈”。评估的其他数据通过成绩和学校纪律处分的档案记录收集。所有变量表明干预组和对照组具有可比性。作为一个群体，84%的学生是白人，9%是非洲裔美国人。心理社会变量表明，30天内经常生气的占64%，30天内有抑郁情绪的占15%，有冲动行为的占28%。环境变量表明，68%的学生报告说他们能轻易拿到枪，59%的学生觉得在自己社区不安全，24%的学生个人受到过暴力影响。与暴力相关的变量表明，30天内曾威胁要打人的占45%，30天内打过别人的占56%，有欺凌行为的占29%，参与打架的占38%。总体而言，本研究中相当比例的六年级、七年级和八年级学生曾参与过攻击性行为或危险行为，比如打架和欺凌其他学生。由于这些学生中有许多人经常生气，觉得在自己社区不安全，且个人受到过暴力影响，因此该校有必要开展暴力预防项目。“明智交谈”为学生提供了一条探索愤怒管理策略、冲突解决和换位思考技能的途径。
