Wyss K, Guiral C, Ndikuyeze A, Malonga G, Tanner M
Bureau Appui Santé Environnement, N'Djamena, Chad.
Trop Med Int Health. 1996 Oct;1(5):723-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.1996.tb00101.x.
A nationwide sample survey was conducted in Chad to establish the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). The country was stratified into the Sahel zone and the Sudan zone, the latter including the city of N'Djamena. The analysis followed a stratification whereby the city of N'Djamena was also separately analysed. A total of 1171 people between 10 and 20 years of age were included in the survey. The overall weighted prevalence of goitre, evaluated by a clinical examination, was 63%. In the Sudan zone the prevalence was 70%, in the Sahel zone 64% and for the capital, N'Djamena, 25%. There were significant differences in the frequency of goitre between the three zones. Females-as established in surveys from other areas and countries-had goitre significantly more often. The prevalence of cretinism varied between 0 and 1.2%, and was highest in the Sahel zone. Amongst the sampled population of the Sudan zone, 33% had less than 20 micrograms/l of urinary iodine, indicating severe iodine deficiency. In the Sahel zone and in N'Djamena the figures reached 8 and 1%. There were high levels of thiocyanate anions in urine reaching medians between 21 and 27 mg/l in the geographical stratas. This probably decreases the bio-availability of iodine. These data show that there is a high endemicity of goitre in Chad and provide a basis for interventions as part of a national action plan against IDD, which will be adapted to the social, cultural and economic situation of the country and to available health services.
在乍得进行了一项全国性抽样调查，以确定碘缺乏病（IDD）的患病率。该国被划分为萨赫勒地区和苏丹地区，后者包括恩贾梅纳市。分析采用分层法，恩贾梅纳市也单独进行了分析。共有1171名年龄在10至20岁之间的人被纳入调查。通过临床检查评估的甲状腺肿总体加权患病率为63%。在苏丹地区患病率为70%，在萨赫勒地区为64%，而首都恩贾梅纳为25%。三个地区的甲状腺肿发病率存在显著差异。与其他地区和国家的调查结果一样，女性患甲状腺肿的频率明显更高。克汀病的患病率在0至1.2%之间，在萨赫勒地区最高。在苏丹地区的抽样人群中，33%的人尿碘低于20微克/升，表明碘严重缺乏。在萨赫勒地区和恩贾梅纳，这一比例分别为8%和1%。各地区尿液中的硫氰酸根阴离子水平较高，中位数在21至27毫克/升之间。这可能会降低碘的生物利用率。这些数据表明，乍得甲状腺肿的地方病流行程度很高，并为作为国家碘缺乏病防治行动计划一部分的干预措施提供了依据，该计划将根据该国的社会、文化和经济状况以及现有的卫生服务进行调整。
