Winje D
Psychiatric Clinic for Adults, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):1037-43. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.64.5.1037.
The psychological impact of trauma on 36 parents and spouses was examined 1 year (1989), 3 years (1991), and 5 years (1993) after a fatal school bus accident in Western Norway in 1988. The course and outcome of posttraumatic symptoms (Impact of Event Scale [IES]) and symptoms of general psychological distress (SCL-90) were examined in relation to type of trauma (loss vs. no loss) and prior exposure to trauma. A large proportion of the sample reported high levels of symptoms on SCL-90 and IES (Intrusion). No associations were observed between type of trauma and any of the symptom measures. Prior exposure to trauma did not affect the scores on IES but was associated with a sustained vulnerability for general psychological distress (SCL-90). Different trajectories of the symptoms indicate that two psychological processes may be involved in long-term adjustment to trauma.
1988年在挪威西部发生了一起致命的校车事故，1989年（事故发生1年后）、1991年（事故发生3年后）和1993年（事故发生5年后），研究人员对36位父母及配偶的创伤心理影响进行了调查。研究人员根据创伤类型（有损失与无损失）和既往创伤暴露情况，对创伤后症状（事件影响量表[IES]）和一般心理困扰症状（症状自评量表90[SCL-90]）的病程及结果进行了研究。大部分样本在SCL-90和IES（侵入症状）上报告了高水平的症状。未观察到创伤类型与任何症状指标之间存在关联。既往创伤暴露并未影响IES得分，但与一般心理困扰（SCL-90）的持续易感性有关。症状的不同轨迹表明，长期创伤适应过程中可能涉及两种心理过程。
