Winje D, Ulvik A
Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;39(5):635-42.
The psychological consequences of trauma on 28 Swedish children were examined 1 year and 3 years after a bus accident in western Norway in 1988. Symptoms were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale (IES), semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire developed for this study. At the 1-year follow-up, large proportions of the sample had symptoms of Intrusion and Avoidance (IES) and symptoms of general psychological distress, but no clinically significant symptoms were observed at the 3-year follow-up. Girls and children who experienced loss in the accident were characterised by high levels of Intrusion, whereas passenger trauma and age were unrelated to the outcome. A bidirectional relationship was observed between the mothers' and the children's symptoms over time, whereas the fathers' symptoms were unrelated to the children's symptoms. The clinical implications of the study are that symptoms in all children of traumatised families deserve attention during the first year post-trauma, and that objective risk indicators (age, sex, and types of trauma) do not provide sufficient information to identify children at risk.
1988年在挪威西部发生了一起巴士事故，1年及3年后对28名瑞典儿童创伤后的心理后果进行了调查。通过事件影响量表（IES）、半结构化访谈以及为本研究编制的一份问卷对症状进行评估。在1年随访时，大部分样本有闯入和回避症状（IES）以及一般心理困扰症状，但在3年随访时未观察到具有临床意义的症状。事故中经历了亲人离世的女孩和儿童具有高水平的闯入症状，而乘客创伤和年龄与结果无关。随着时间推移，观察到母亲和孩子的症状之间存在双向关系，而父亲的症状与孩子的症状无关。该研究的临床意义在于，创伤家庭中所有儿童的症状在创伤后的第一年都值得关注，而且客观风险指标（年龄、性别和创伤类型）并不能提供足够信息来识别有风险的儿童。
