Esamai F, Anabwani G M
Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 1996 Jul;73(7):474-8.
Three thousand and eighteen children aged 13-14 years were studied using a standard questionnaire developed and field tested by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children(ISAAC) steering committee between January and April 1995 to establish the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema. 58 rural primary schools were randomly selected from which 3018 children filled out the written (WQ) and the video (VQ)questionnaires. There were 1471 (48.7%) males and 1547 (51.3%) females. On the written questionnaire the cumulative prevalence for wheezing, rhinitis, itchy eyes and skin rashes was 21.2%, 32.4%, 11.8% and 23.8% respectively, with respective 12 month period prevalence rates of 10.2%, 25.3% and 14.4% for wheezing, rhinitis and itchy rashes. On the video questionnaire the cumulative prevalence rates were 11.4%, 12.3%, 5.0%, 16.3% and 3.6% for wheezing, exercise induced wheezing, nocturnal wheezing, nocturnal cough and difficulty in breathing associated with wheezing respectively. The video questionnaire prevalence rates are lower than those of the written questionnaire possibly due to difficulties the children encountered in correlating the symptoms and the disease. The prevalence of severe symptoms for rhinitis, eczema and wheezing of 10.1%, 6.8% and 5.8% respectively are lower than those reported for developed countries. These results compare with those of a previous study in Estonia using the same ISAAC questionnaire and support the hypothesis that although the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases are on the increase worldwide, it is more so in the developed than the developing countries.
1995年1月至4月期间，使用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）指导委员会制定并进行了现场测试的标准问卷，对3018名13 - 14岁的儿童进行了研究，以确定哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率及严重程度。从58所农村小学中随机选取，3018名儿童填写了书面问卷（WQ）和视频问卷（VQ）。其中男性1471名（48.7%），女性1547名（51.3%）。在书面问卷中，喘息、鼻炎、眼睛瘙痒和皮疹的累积患病率分别为21.2%、32.4%、11.8%和23.8%，喘息、鼻炎和皮疹瘙痒的12个月患病率分别为10.2%、25.3%和14.4%。在视频问卷中，喘息、运动诱发喘息、夜间喘息、夜间咳嗽以及与喘息相关的呼吸困难的累积患病率分别为11.4%、12.3%、5.0%、16.3%和3.6%。视频问卷的患病率低于书面问卷，这可能是由于儿童在将症状与疾病联系起来时遇到了困难。鼻炎、湿疹和喘息的严重症状患病率分别为10.1%、6.8%和5.8%，低于发达国家报告的患病率。这些结果与爱沙尼亚此前使用相同ISAAC问卷的研究结果相比较，支持了以下假设：尽管哮喘和过敏性疾病的患病率在全球范围内都在上升，但在发达国家上升得更为明显。
