Lombardi C, Pedrazzani E S, Pedrazzani J C, Filho P F, Zicker F
Pan American Health Organization, Brasília, Brazil.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1996 Mar;30(1):24-30.
The case-control study reported here evaluated the protective effect of BCG vaccine against leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-eight patients under age 16 who had been diagnosed as having leprosy (cases) and 385 healthy individuals (controls) were selected and matched by sex, age, place of residence, and type of exposure to leprosy (intradomiciliary or extradomiciliary). The cases were drawn from an active patient registry and from a group of new leprosy cases treated at 50 health centers in the cities of Bauru and Ribeirão Preto in the state of São Paulo. In order to estimate the protective effect of BCG, the prevalences of BCG scars in cases and controls were compared. The presence of one or more scars was associated with an estimated protective efficacy of 90% (95% confidence interval: 78% to 96%). Stratified analysis by age group, sex, socioeconomic level, and clinical form of the disease revealed no significant differences in the protection provided by the vaccine. However, it seems clear that more data will be needed in order to accurately assess the true relevance of BCG for leprosy control programs.
本文报道的病例对照研究评估了卡介苗对巴西圣保罗麻风病的保护作用。选取了78名16岁以下被诊断为麻风病的患者（病例组）和385名健康个体（对照组），并按照性别、年龄、居住地点和麻风病暴露类型（家庭内或家庭外）进行匹配。病例组来自一个活跃的患者登记系统以及圣保罗州包鲁市和里贝朗普雷图市50个医疗中心治疗的一组新麻风病病例。为了评估卡介苗的保护作用，比较了病例组和对照组中卡介苗疤痕的患病率。有一个或多个疤痕与估计90%的保护效力相关（95%置信区间：78%至96%）。按年龄组、性别、社会经济水平和疾病临床类型进行的分层分析显示，疫苗提供的保护作用无显著差异。然而，显然需要更多数据才能准确评估卡介苗对麻风病控制项目的真正相关性。
