Tomlinson P S, Harbaugh B L, Anderson K H
Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 1996 Jan-Mar;19(1):33-47. doi: 10.3109/01460869609026853.
This study examined the stability of temperament characteristics in children over a 6-year period as well as the reliability of Rothbart's infant and child temperament measures. Thirty-seven mothers rated their firstborns' temperaments using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) at 3 months and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) at 6 years of age. Paired t tests between matched IBQ/CBQ subscales revealed that children were rated significantly higher in all behavioral subscales at 6 years, with the exception of Soothability, which remained stable. Correlations among matched IBQ/CBQ subscales showed significant positive relationships between Soothability and Smiling over the 6-year period. Estimates of internal consistency on three of the six IBQ subscales were lower than Rothbart's reported values, whereas the CBQ values were similar. Findings suggest there was not long-term stability in temperament estimates from early infancy to childhood, except in positive affective response to the environment and rate of recovery from distress and excitement. Measurement issues related to using the IBQ/CBQ, assessing temperament at an early age, maturational effects, and implications for practice are discussed.
本研究考察了儿童气质特征在6年期间的稳定性以及罗斯巴特婴幼儿气质测量方法的可靠性。37位母亲在孩子3个月大时使用婴儿行为问卷（IBQ）对其头胎子女的气质进行评分，并在孩子6岁时使用儿童行为问卷（CBQ）进行评分。对匹配的IBQ/CBQ分量表进行配对t检验，结果显示，除了安抚性保持稳定外，儿童在6岁时所有行为分量表上的评分均显著更高。匹配的IBQ/CBQ分量表之间的相关性表明，在6年期间，安抚性与微笑之间存在显著的正相关关系。六个IBQ分量表中有三个的内部一致性估计值低于罗斯巴特报告的值，而CBQ的值则与之相似。研究结果表明，从婴儿早期到儿童期，气质估计值不存在长期稳定性，除了对环境的积极情感反应以及从痛苦和兴奋中恢复的速度。文中讨论了与使用IBQ/CBQ、早期评估气质、成熟效应以及对实践的影响相关的测量问题。
