Waldenström U, Borg I M, Olsson B, Sköld M, Wall S
Birth. 1996 Sep;23(3):144-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00475.x.
The childbirth experience is multidimensional, and therefore difficult to describe and explain. Studies of it have produced inconsistent findings, and the phenomenon is often confused with satisfaction with the care provided. This study aimed to clarify different aspects of the birth experience, and to identify factors that could explain the variation in women's overall assessment of it.
All Swedish-speaking women in a large city who gave birth during a two-week period in 1994 were given a questionnaire one day after the birth, and 295 (91%) of the questionnaires were returned. Information about the labor process and medical interventions was collected from hospital records.
Women usually experienced severe pain and various degrees of anxiety, and most were seized with panic for a short time or some part of their labor. Despite these negative feelings, most women felt greatly involved in the birth process, were satisfied with their own achievement, and thought they had coped better than expected. The overall experience was assessed as positive by 77 percent of women and negative by 10 percent. No statistical difference was observed between primiparas and multiparas in total birth experience, and few differences in the specific aspects of the birth. Of the 38 variables tested in regression analysis, the six that contributed to explaining women's overall birth experience were support from the midwife (sensitivity to needs), duration of labor, pain, expectations of the birth, involvement and participation in the birth process, and surgical procedures (emergency cesarean section, vacuum extraction, forceps, episiotomy).
The study showed that negative and positive feelings can coexist, thus confirming the multidimensional character of the birth experience. Women's assessment of their childbirth is influenced by both physical and psychosocial factors, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to care in labor.
分娩体验是多维度的，因此难以描述和解释。对其进行的研究结果并不一致，而且该现象常常与对所提供护理的满意度相混淆。本研究旨在阐明分娩体验的不同方面，并确定能够解释女性对其总体评价差异的因素。
1994年，在某大城市为期两周内分娩的所有讲瑞典语的女性在产后一天收到一份问卷，共收回295份问卷（91%）。从医院记录中收集有关分娩过程和医疗干预的信息。
女性通常会经历剧痛和不同程度的焦虑，大多数人在分娩的某个时间段或短时间内会陷入恐慌。尽管有这些负面情绪，但大多数女性仍感觉深度参与了分娩过程，对自己的表现感到满意，并认为自己比预期应对得更好。77%的女性将总体体验评价为积极，10%评价为消极。初产妇和经产妇在总体分娩体验方面未观察到统计学差异，分娩的具体方面也几乎没有差异。在回归分析中测试的38个变量中，有助于解释女性总体分娩体验的6个变量是助产士的支持（对需求的敏感度）、分娩时长、疼痛、对分娩的期望、对分娩过程的参与度以及手术操作（急诊剖宫产、真空吸引、产钳、会阴切开术）。
该研究表明负面和正面情绪可以同时存在，从而证实了分娩体验的多维度特征。女性对分娩的评价受身体和心理社会因素的影响，突出了分娩护理采用综合方法的重要性。
