Reynes J M
Laboratoire d'entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane française.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):98-100; discussion 101.
The evolution of dengue in French Guiana has the same trend as in most tropical American countries, with emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and endemicity of the disease. During the 1940's, several dengue-like outbreaks were reported from French Guiana. Then, the only dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, was eradicated between 1950 and 1963, when it started to reinfest the country. By the end of the 1960's, new dengue epidemics with serological confirmation were described. After 1970, the first dengue strains were isolated, firstly dengue-2 strains, then dengue-1 and dengue-4 strains. Between 1970 and 1990, several dengue outbreaks struck French Guiana with 2 to 6 years intervals. In July 1991, started the first DHF outbreak in French Guiana which spread in all the most important towns until October 1992. About 3,000 cases were reported, that is almost 3% of the population, from which about 1/3 had serological confirmation; more than 300 people were hospitalized and some 80 with hemorrhages. Finally 6 deaths were reported, 5 of which had hemorrhages but could not be included into DHF cases according to WHO criteria. The dengue-2 strain responsible for this outbreak is close to the Jamaïcan topotype known to be particularly virulent. Since the beginning of 1993 and actually, dengue is still circulating in French Guiana, but at low level and dengue-1 and dengue-4 strains are occasionally isolated.
法属圭亚那登革热的演变趋势与大多数热带美洲国家相同，即出现了登革出血热（DHF）且该疾病呈地方流行性。20世纪40年代，法属圭亚那报告了几起类似登革热的疫情。随后，唯一的登革热传播媒介埃及伊蚊在1950年至1963年间被根除，但之后又开始重新在该国滋生。到20世纪60年代末，出现了经血清学确诊的新登革热疫情。1970年后，首次分离出登革热毒株，首先是登革热2型毒株，然后是登革热1型和登革热4型毒株。1970年至1990年间，法属圭亚那每隔2至6年就爆发一次登革热疫情。1991年7月，法属圭亚那开始了首次登革出血热疫情，疫情蔓延至所有重要城镇，一直持续到1992年10月。报告了约3000例病例，几乎占人口的3%，其中约三分之一经血清学确诊；300多人住院，约80人出现出血症状。最终报告了6例死亡病例，其中5例有出血症状，但根据世界卫生组织的标准不能被纳入登革出血热病例。此次疫情的致病登革热2型毒株与已知特别具有毒性的牙买加典型毒株相近。自1993年初至今，登革热仍在法属圭亚那传播，但处于低水平，偶尔分离出登革热1型和登革热4型毒株。
