Dworkin Emily R, Newton Emily, Allen Nicole E
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Psychol Violence. 2018;8(1):100-109. doi: 10.1037/vio0000082.
After sexual assault, survivors often reach to others for support and receive a range of reactions. Although these reactions have been characterized by researchers as positive (e.g., emotional support) or negative (e.g., victim blaming), survivors vary in their perceptions in ways that do not always match this framework. The goal of this research was to examine the degree to which designations of reactions as "positive" or "negative" fits across types of reactions and explain instances of mismatch between these designations and survivors' perceptions.
We conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 26 survivors of sexual assault to identify themes in their perceptions of social reactions.
Although social reactions were generally perceived in a manner that matched researcher categorizations, there was significant variation. Perceptions could be characterized in terms of whether the reaction felt comfortable/soothing, consistent with survivors' needs/hopes/expectations, and helpful in the long term. The closeness of survivors' relationships with responders, the degree to which they were impacted by the assault, and the presence of other social reactions explained variation from researcher designations of reaction types.
This study clarifies the considerations that survivors make when evaluating social reactions and what accounts for discrepant perceptions of these reactions; in particular, they highlight that there is no "one size fits all" reaction to survivors of sexual assault and the context in which reactions occur may affect how they are seen.
遭受性侵犯后，幸存者常常向他人寻求支持并得到一系列反应。尽管研究人员将这些反应描述为积极的（如情感支持）或消极的（如指责受害者），但幸存者对这些反应的认知各不相同，并不总是符合这一框架。本研究的目的是检验将反应指定为“积极”或“消极”在不同类型反应中的适用程度，并解释这些指定与幸存者认知之间的不匹配情况。
我们对26名性侵犯幸存者的访谈进行了定性分析，以确定他们对社会反应认知中的主题。
尽管社会反应的总体认知方式与研究人员的分类相符，但仍存在显著差异。认知可以根据反应是否让人感觉舒适/舒缓、是否符合幸存者的需求/希望/期望以及从长远来看是否有帮助来进行描述。幸存者与反应者关系的亲密度、他们受袭击的影响程度以及其他社会反应的存在解释了与研究人员对反应类型的指定存在差异的原因。
本研究阐明了幸存者在评估社会反应时的考虑因素以及对这些反应认知存在差异的原因；特别是，研究强调对于性侵犯幸存者不存在“一刀切”的反应方式，反应发生的背景可能会影响人们对这些反应的看法。
