Shukla R P, Pandey A C, Mathur A
Malaria Research Centre (Field Station), Haldwani, India.
Indian J Malariol. 1995 Sep;32(3):119-28.
Jaisalmer and Barmer districts in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan experienced an unprecedented rains during 1994 leading to an outbreak of malaria. Investigations were carried out at three sites in two districts (i) Pokaran PHC and (ii) Nachana PHC in Jaisalmer district and Dhorimana in Barmer district during November 1994. Epidemiological and entomological studies in Pokaran PHC revealed presence of small foci of stable malaria. These foci were maintained by large bodies of water (ponds/lakes) drained from surrounding areas and spread over 1 to 5 sq km. Slide positivity rate (SPR), slide falciparum rate (SfR) and child spleen rate (SR) were 60.1, 56.9 and 86.9%, respectively with 3 deaths reported. Adjoining villages experienced epidemic reporting deaths fed by the reservoir from these stable foci. An. culicifacies and An. stephensi were the major malaria vectors. Nachana PHC recorded stable malaria foci of irrigation malaria due to introduction of Indira Gandhi Canal (IGC). SPR, SfR and SR recorded were 52.35, 50.58 and 80.8%, respectively. Transmission appeared to be maintained by An. stephensi, An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis in relays. An. fluviatilis seems to have established breeding in silted grassy margins of IGC. Dhorimana PHC in border district was also found to be a stable malaria foci although with low malaria indices. However, An. culicifacies and expanded breeding potential of An. stephensi were the main factors in maintaining malaria endemicity in the region.
拉贾斯坦邦塔尔沙漠地区的斋沙默尔和巴尔默县在1994年期间经历了前所未有的降雨，导致疟疾爆发。1994年11月，在两个县的三个地点开展了调查，分别是：（i）斋沙默尔县的波卡兰初级卫生保健中心和（ii）纳查纳初级卫生保健中心，以及巴尔默县的多里马纳。在波卡兰初级卫生保健中心开展的流行病学和昆虫学研究显示存在稳定型疟疾的小疫源地。这些疫源地由从周边地区排水形成的大片水体（池塘/湖泊）维持，面积达1至5平方公里。血片阳性率（SPR）、恶性疟原虫血片率（SfR）和儿童脾肿率（SR）分别为60.1%、56.9%和86.9%，报告有3例死亡。毗邻村庄出现了由这些稳定疫源地的蓄水池引发的疫情并报告有死亡病例。库氏按蚊和斯氏按蚊是主要的疟疾传播媒介。纳查纳初级卫生保健中心记录到因引入英迪拉·甘地运河（IGC）而出现灌溉型疟疾的稳定疫源地。记录的SPR、SfR和SR分别为52.35%、50.58%和80.8%。传播似乎由斯氏按蚊、库氏按蚊和溪流按蚊接力维持。溪流按蚊似乎已在IGC淤塞的长满青草的边缘地带繁殖。边境县的多里马纳初级卫生保健中心也被发现是一个稳定的疟疾疫源地，尽管疟疾指数较低。然而，库氏按蚊和斯氏按蚊扩大的繁殖潜力是该地区维持疟疾流行的主要因素。
