Pishkin V, Thorne F C
J Clin Psychol. 1977 Jul;33(3):609-17. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<609::aid-jclp2270330303>3.0.co;2-u.
Reported the results of a factor analytic study of the Personal Development Study (PDS). The PDS was administered for research purposes to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 institutionalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 388 chronic schizophrenics. A principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation performed on the combined populations (N = 972) yielded five main factors labeled as projection, optimism-responsibility, reaction and symptom formation, repressive-compulsive, and intropunitiveness-guilt. Analysis of base rates of responding to the individual items revealed that the four populations ranged along a continuum, with the normals at one extreme and the institutionalized schizophrenics at the other extreme of greater pathological responding.
报告了一项关于个人发展研究（PDS）的因素分析研究结果。PDS是为研究目的而对四个诊断组进行施测的，这四个诊断组包括89名住院酗酒者、336名未婚母亲、159名大学生和388名慢性精神分裂症患者。对合并样本（N = 972）进行的主成分因素分析及方差最大化旋转产生了五个主要因素，分别标记为投射、乐观 - 责任感、反应与症状形成、压抑 - 强迫以及内罚性 - 内疚。对各个项目回答的基础比率分析表明，这四个人群组处于一个连续体上，正常人群处于一端，而住院精神分裂症患者处于病态反应更强的另一端。
