Thorne F C, Pishkin V
J Clin Psychol. 1977 Jul;33(3):618-24. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<618::aid-jclp2270330304>3.0.co;2-t.
The Personal Development Study (PDS) was administered to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 hospitalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 387 chronic institutionalized schizophrenics. The PDS data from the four groups were factor analyzed separately by Varimax rotation of principal component factors. Cluster analysis methods were used to compare the separate diagnostic group factors with the overall factors previously reported by Pishkin and Thorne (1977). Only a few close fits of the diagnostic group factors showed large differences in item composition, order of emergence of factors and size of loadings between groups. Because many items and factors could be interpreted in terms of several alternative theoretical systems, interpretations were based on the clinical meanings of items and clusters in terms of integration theory (Thorne, 1976).
个人发展研究（PDS）应用于四个诊断组，其中包括89名住院酗酒者、336名单身母亲、159名大学生和387名长期住院的精神分裂症患者。通过主成分因子的方差最大化旋转对这四组的PDS数据分别进行因子分析。聚类分析方法用于将单独的诊断组因子与皮什金和索恩（1977年）之前报告的总体因子进行比较。只有少数诊断组因子的紧密拟合显示出各组之间在项目组成、因子出现顺序和载荷大小方面存在很大差异。由于许多项目和因子可以根据几种替代理论体系进行解释，因此解释是基于项目和聚类在整合理论（索恩，1976年）方面的临床意义。
