Jain P, Golish J A
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
Drugs. 1996;52 Suppl 6:1-11. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199600526-00003.
Asthma is a serious global health problem affecting nearly 100 million people worldwide. Its rising prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality are of increasing concern. Traditionally, symptomatic control of bronchoconstriction with beta 2 agonists and theophylline has been the mainstay of therapy. However, during recent years, inflammation has been recognised as the predominant cause of reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity. As a result, the emphasis in treatment has shifted to the early use of inhaled corticosteroids to control airway inflammation. beta 2 agonists are best used on an as-needed basis for the relief of acute bronchoconstriction and for the prevention of exercise-induced asthma. Sustained release theophylline or an inhaled long-acting beta 2 agonist may effectively control nocturnal symptoms. Preliminary studies involving agents active in the 5-lipoxygenase pathway as preventive therapy are encouraging. Further studies are needed to define their role in the management of asthma.
哮喘是一个严重的全球健康问题，全球近1亿人受其影响。其患病率不断上升以及相关的发病率和死亡率日益令人担忧。传统上，使用β2激动剂和茶碱对支气管收缩进行症状控制一直是治疗的主要方法。然而，近年来，炎症已被认为是可逆性气道阻塞和气道高反应性的主要原因。因此，治疗重点已转向早期使用吸入性糖皮质激素来控制气道炎症。β2激动剂最好按需使用，以缓解急性支气管收缩和预防运动诱发的哮喘。缓释茶碱或吸入长效β2激动剂可有效控制夜间症状。涉及5-脂氧合酶途径活性药物作为预防性治疗的初步研究令人鼓舞。需要进一步研究来确定它们在哮喘管理中的作用。
