Daum I, Riesch G, Sartori G, Birbaumer N
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996 Oct;18(5):648-65. doi: 10.1080/01688639608408289.
The present study investigated semantic memory and the presence of category-specific impairments in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). Patients in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and matched control subjects served as comparison groups. Semantic memory was assessed by a range of verbal and visual tasks and by direct and indirect memory tests. The DAT patients showed severe deficits on all semantic knowledge tasks. Performance was poorer on animate relative to inanimate items, on naming with and without cues, and on semantic knowledge probes, indicating a category-specific knowledge loss on these tasks. Indirect memory tests yielded significantly better preservation of knowledge compared to the traditional semantic memory tasks. Analyses of the nature of the semantic breakdown in DAT suggested combined storage and access deficits and a disturbance of the structural description and phonological output systems.
本研究调查了阿尔茨海默病型痴呆（DAT）患者的语义记忆及类别特异性损伤情况。帕金森病（PD）晚期患者及匹配的对照受试者作为比较组。通过一系列言语和视觉任务以及直接和间接记忆测试来评估语义记忆。DAT患者在所有语义知识任务上均表现出严重缺陷。相对于无生命物体项目，有生命物体项目的表现更差，在有提示和无提示的命名任务以及语义知识探测任务中也是如此，表明在这些任务上存在类别特异性知识缺失。与传统语义记忆任务相比，间接记忆测试显示知识保存情况明显更好。对DAT中语义衰退性质的分析表明存在存储和提取联合缺陷以及结构描述和语音输出系统的紊乱。
