Whitehead R, Butz J W, Kozar B, Vaughn R E
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Denver 80217-3364, USA.
J Sports Sci. 1996 Oct;14(5):393-401. doi: 10.1080/02640419608727726.
The suitability of Gray's (1975) three-factor arousal theory as a model of human performance under stress was investigated in a study of basketball free-throw shooting. Free-throw attempts, made by members of an NCAA Division I men's varsity team, were videotaped during one full season. On the basis of Gray's theory, we predicted that increased stress (assumed to be present in games as opposed to practices) would be associated with longer pre-shot preparations and a greater incidence of overthrow shots. The prediction was confirmed by the results. Moreover, we found that free-throws were more frequently overthrown when attempted during crucial rather than non-crucial game situations. Further tests of the utility of Gray's theory are suggested.
在一项关于篮球罚球的研究中，对格雷（1975）的三因素唤醒理论作为压力下人表现的模型的适用性进行了调查。美国大学体育总会第一分区男子校队成员的罚球尝试在整个赛季中被录像。基于格雷的理论，我们预测压力增加（假定比赛中存在而训练中不存在）会与罚球前更长的准备时间以及罚球过高的发生率增加相关。该预测得到了结果的证实。此外，我们发现，在关键比赛情境而非非关键比赛情境中尝试罚球时，罚球过高的情况更频繁。建议对格雷理论的效用进行进一步测试。
