Rolls E T
University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, U.K.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1996 Oct 29;351(1346):1433-43; discussion 1443-4. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0128.
The orbitofrontal cortex contains the secondary taste cortex, in which the reward value of taste is represented. It also contains the secondary and tertiary olfactory cortical areas, in which information about the identity and also about the reward value of odours is represented. The orbitofrontal cortex also receives information about the sight of objects from the temporal lobe cortical visual areas, and is involved in learning and in reversing stimulus-reinforcement associations. The stimulus might be a visual or olfactory stimulus, and the primary (unlearned) reinforcer a taste or touch. Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex impairs the learning and reversal of stimulus-reinforcement associations, and thus the correction of behavioural responses when these are no longer appropriate because previous reinforcement contingencies change. The information which reaches the orbitofrontal cortex for these functions includes information about faces, and damage to the orbitofrontal cortex can impair face expression identification. This evidence thus shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding some primary reinforcers such as taste; in learning and reversing associations of visual and other stimuli to these primary reinforcers; and plays an executive function in controlling and correcting reward-related and punishment-related behaviour, and thus in emotion.
眶额皮质包含次级味觉皮质，其中表征了味觉的奖赏值。它还包含次级和三级嗅觉皮质区域，其中表征了关于气味的特性以及奖赏值的信息。眶额皮质还从颞叶皮质视觉区域接收有关物体视觉的信息，并参与学习以及逆转刺激 - 强化关联。刺激可能是视觉或嗅觉刺激，而主要（非习得性）强化物是味觉或触觉。眶额皮质受损会损害刺激 - 强化关联的学习和逆转，从而在先前的强化条件改变导致行为反应不再适当时，无法对行为反应进行纠正。为实现这些功能而传入眶额皮质的信息包括有关面孔的信息，眶额皮质受损会损害对面部表情的识别。因此，这些证据表明眶额皮质参与解码一些主要强化物，如味觉；参与视觉和其他刺激与这些主要强化物的关联学习和逆转；并在控制和纠正与奖赏和惩罚相关的行为以及情感方面发挥执行功能。
