Gustafsson D, Andersson K, Fagerlund I, Kjellman N I
Department of Paediatrics, Orebro Medical Centre Hospital, Sweden.
Allergy. 1996 Nov;51(11):789-95.
The development of symptoms possibly related to allergy or other forms of hypersensitivity was studied in a group of 638 children on two occasions: when the children were 3 and 18 months of age. Standardized questions were used to collect basic information about the child, technical characteristics of the home, and the mother's perception of the indoor climate. All reported exposure factors were analyzed in relation to the child's symptoms at 18 months of age, by logistic regression techniques. A family history of atopy was associated with a high incidence of most of the investigated symptoms. Attendance at a day nursery before 18 months of age increased the risk of recurrent colds and the need for several courses of treatment with antibiotics. If the mother smoked, the children more often suffered from protracted coughing episodes. If the child has a sibling, the risk of developing a wheeze, repeated colds, and the need for antibiotic treatment increased. No building factors, such as size of the home, heating and ventilation system, type of foundation, dampness, or presence of wall-to-wall carpets, showed a significant correlation to symptoms reported in the children. However, if the mothers reported symptoms that are often connected with "sick buildings", the children more often had eczema, dry skin, or reactions to food. The mothers' complaints about indoor air quality and climate and mucous membrane symptoms were significantly related to the type of building and presence of condensation on the windows in winter, a finding which may indicate that indoor climate factors also have some effect on the health of the children. This study reports the prevalences of symptoms until the age of 18 months. At this age, the allergic manifestations are usually nonspecific, and follow-up examinations to 4-5 years of age are needed before any definite conclusions can be drawn about the development of atopic diseases due to indoor climate factors.
在一组638名儿童中，对可能与过敏或其他形式的超敏反应相关的症状发展情况进行了两次研究：分别在儿童3个月和18个月大时。使用标准化问题收集有关儿童的基本信息、家庭的技术特征以及母亲对室内气候的感知。通过逻辑回归技术，分析了所有报告的暴露因素与儿童18个月大时的症状之间的关系。特应性家族史与大多数被调查症状的高发病率相关。18个月大之前入托日间托儿所会增加反复感冒的风险以及需要多次使用抗生素进行治疗的可能性。如果母亲吸烟，孩子更常出现持续性咳嗽发作。如果孩子有兄弟姐妹，出现喘息、反复感冒以及需要抗生素治疗的风险会增加。没有任何建筑因素，如房屋大小、供暖和通风系统、地基类型、潮湿程度或是否有满铺地毯，与儿童报告的症状显示出显著相关性。然而，如果母亲报告有通常与“病态建筑”相关的症状，孩子更常出现湿疹、皮肤干燥或食物过敏反应。母亲对室内空气质量和气候以及黏膜症状的抱怨与建筑类型和冬季窗户上是否有冷凝水显著相关，这一发现可能表明室内气候因素也对儿童健康有一定影响。本研究报告了18个月大之前症状的患病率。在这个年龄段，过敏表现通常是非特异性的，在能够就室内气候因素导致特应性疾病的发展得出任何明确结论之前，需要对儿童进行随访至4 - 5岁。
