Bornehag C-G, Sundell J, Sigsgaard T
Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Sweden.
Indoor Air. 2004;14 Suppl 7:59-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00274.x.
With the aim of identifying health-relevant exposures in buildings, an epidemiological study "Dampness in Buildings and Health" (DBH) started in the year 2000 in Sweden. The health focus of the study is on asthma and allergic symptoms among small children and their parents. The first step in the study was an epidemiological cross-sectional questionnaire on housing and health involving 14,077 preschool children in the county of Värmland in Sweden (March-April 2000). Self-reported moisture-related problems in the building were strongly associated with asthma, allergic symptoms, and airway infections among children and adults. Other factors associated with symptoms among the children were allergic heredity, smoking in the family, male sex, urban living, short breast feeding, pet keeping, daycare attendance, non-farming life and some food habits. The second step in the study was a nested case-control study including 198 children with symptoms and 202 healthy controls. A detailed clinical examination by physicians in parallel with extensive inspections and measurements in the subjects' homes were conducted from October 2001 to April 2002. The influence of selection bias in case-control studies has been studied, and questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and building characteristics have been validated. Identified risk factors for allergic symptoms are, e.g., inspector-observed dampness, a low ventilation rate, endotoxin, Penicillium and phthalates in dust. In the third phase, a 5-year follow-up study will be carried out during 2005. The same questionnaire as used in DBH-phase 1 will be distributed to the 10,852 children/parents who responded to the first questionnaire in 2000. Finally, in a fourth phase, controlled experimental studies in climate chambers and in vitro tests regarding findings from DBH-Phase 2 are planned to be conducted during 2004-08.
Asthma and allergies among small children are associated with a number of risk factors in the indoor environment. In investigations of building-related health problems many factors have to be considered, including "dampness" emissions from building materials, and ventilation rates.
为了确定建筑物中与健康相关的暴露因素，2000年在瑞典启动了一项流行病学研究“建筑物中的潮湿与健康”（DBH）。该研究的健康重点是幼儿及其父母中的哮喘和过敏症状。研究的第一步是对瑞典韦姆兰县的14077名学龄前儿童进行关于住房与健康的流行病学横断面问卷调查（2000年3月至4月）。自我报告的建筑物中与潮湿相关的问题与儿童和成人的哮喘、过敏症状及呼吸道感染密切相关。与儿童症状相关的其他因素包括过敏遗传、家庭吸烟、男性、城市居住、母乳喂养时间短、养宠物、日托、非农业生活和一些饮食习惯。研究的第二步是一项巢式病例对照研究，包括198名有症状的儿童和202名健康对照。2001年10月至2002年4月期间，医生进行了详细的临床检查，并同时对受试者家中进行了广泛的检查和测量。研究了病例对照研究中选择偏倚的影响，并对自我报告症状和建筑物特征的问卷进行了验证。已确定的过敏症状风险因素包括检查员观察到的潮湿、低通风率、内毒素、灰尘中的青霉菌和邻苯二甲酸盐。在第三阶段，将于2005年进行一项为期5年的随访研究。将把与DBH第一阶段使用的相同问卷分发给2000年对第一份问卷做出回应的10852名儿童/父母。最后，在第四阶段，计划于2004 - 2008年期间在气候舱中进行对照实验研究，并针对DBH第二阶段的研究结果进行体外测试。
幼儿中的哮喘和过敏与室内环境中的许多风险因素有关。在调查与建筑物相关的健康问题时，必须考虑许多因素，包括建筑材料的“潮湿”排放和通风率。
