Barkley R A, Murphy K R, Kwasnik D
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1089-95.
To evaluate the motor vehicle driving knowledge, skills, and negative driving outcomes of older teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A university medical center clinic for adult ADHD.
A total of 25 young adults with ADHD and 23 young adults without ADHD 17 to 30 years old drawn from the community and equated for age, gender, and educational level.
Structured interview, behavior ratings by self- and others, video test of driving knowledge, computer simulated driving test, and official motor vehicle records.
ADHD young adults were cited more often for speeding, were more likely to have had their licenses suspended, were involved in more crashes, were more likely to have had crashes causing bodily injury, and were rated by themselves and others as using poorer driving habits. Official driving records corroborated these negative outcomes. Although no group differences in driving knowledge were evident, young adults with ADHD had more crashes, scrapes, and erratic steering during the computer-stimulated driving test than did the control subjects.
Findings supported previous research suggesting that greater driving risks are associated with ADHD and suggested that ADHD does not interfere with driving knowledge so much as with actual performance (motor control) during vehicle operation.
评估患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年和青年成人的机动车驾驶知识、技能及不良驾驶后果。
一所大学医学中心的成人ADHD诊所。
从社区选取共25名患有ADHD的青年成人和23名年龄在17至30岁之间、无ADHD的青年成人，两组在年龄、性别和教育水平上匹配。
结构化访谈、自我及他人的行为评分、驾驶知识视频测试、计算机模拟驾驶测试以及官方机动车记录。
患有ADHD的青年成人因超速被 citations的频率更高，驾照被吊销的可能性更大，卷入更多事故，更有可能发生导致身体受伤的事故，且自我及他人评定其驾驶习惯较差。官方驾驶记录证实了这些负面结果。尽管在驾驶知识方面未发现两组之间存在明显差异，但在计算机模拟驾驶测试中，患有ADHD的青年成人比对照组发生更多碰撞、刮擦以及转向不稳定的情况。
研究结果支持了先前的研究，表明ADHD与更高的驾驶风险相关，且表明ADHD对驾驶知识的干扰不如对车辆操作过程中的实际表现（运动控制）的干扰大。
