McBride D M, Dosher B A
Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697-5100, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1997 Dec;126(4):371-92. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.126.4.371.
Among possible criteria for distinguishing separate memory systems for implicit and explicit memory is that of substantial differences in either the form or rate of forgetting. Prior literature has claimed both differential forgetting and equivalent forgetting for implicit and explicit tasks. Existing experimental data for word-stem completion and explicit control tasks were reviewed and shown to be inconclusive. Our experiments measure forgetting in comparable implicit and explicit memory tasks of stem completion and stem cued recall. The form and the rate of forgetting are essentially the same for these implicit and explicit tasks. Levels of processing and task conditions differ only in the level of initial learning or availability. Thus, either the implicit and explicit task reflect traces in the same memory system or they reflect traces in different systems that have identical forgetting dynamics.
区分内隐记忆和外显记忆的不同记忆系统的可能标准之一是遗忘形式或遗忘速率上的显著差异。先前的文献既声称内隐任务和外显任务存在差异遗忘，也声称存在等效遗忘。对词干补全和外显控制任务的现有实验数据进行了回顾，结果显示尚无定论。我们的实验测量了词干补全和词干线索回忆这两种可比的内隐和外显记忆任务中的遗忘情况。这些内隐和外显任务的遗忘形式和遗忘速率基本相同。加工水平和任务条件仅在初始学习水平或可得性上有所不同。因此，要么内隐任务和外显任务反映的是同一记忆系统中的痕迹，要么它们反映的是具有相同遗忘动态的不同系统中的痕迹。
