Kopera-Frye K, Dehaene S, Streissguth A P
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle 98195, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 1996 Dec;34(12):1187-96. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(96)00043-7.
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes a variety of cognitive deficits, notably in mathematics and higher order processes such as abstraction. An exploratory battery was developed to examine specific types of number processing impairments in 29 adolescent and adult patients with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) relative to controls matched for age, gender, and educational level. The battery included 11 tests: number reading and writing, exact calculation (addition, multiplication, subtraction), approximate calculation (selecting a plausible result for an operation), number comparison, proximity judgment, and cognitive estimation. The results indicated particular difficulties in calculation and estimation tests, with intact number reading and writing ability. The greatest impairment was found in the cognitive estimation test, which is sensitive to frontal lobe lesions. The patterns of deficit described may reflect either the diffuseness of brain damage incurred from prenatal alcohol exposure, or a cumulative deficit in comprehension which may be important for the acquisition of higher-order mathematical abilities.
产前酒精暴露会导致多种认知缺陷，尤其是在数学以及诸如抽象思维等高阶思维过程方面。我们开发了一套探索性测试组合，以研究29名患有胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）和胎儿酒精影响（FAE）的青少年及成年患者相对于在年龄、性别和教育水平上相匹配的对照组而言，在数字处理方面特定类型的损伤情况。该测试组合包括11项测试：数字读写、精确计算（加法、乘法、减法）、近似计算（为一道运算选择一个合理结果）、数字比较、接近度判断以及认知估计。结果表明，在计算和估计测试中存在特别的困难，而数字读写能力完好。在对额叶损伤敏感的认知估计测试中发现了最严重的损伤。所描述的缺陷模式可能反映了产前酒精暴露所导致的脑损伤的弥散性，或者是在理解方面的累积性缺陷，这对于获得高阶数学能力可能很重要。
