Aldwin C M, Sutton K J, Lachman M
Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Pers. 1996 Dec;64(4):837-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00946.x.
We examined three community samples to determine whether stressful episodes form a context for the development of coping resources in adulthood. The first study found that 81.9% of a sample of 845 older men reported drawing upon prior experiences in coping with a recent problem. Content analysis revealed that only 22.7% drew upon similar stressful episodes; the rest drew upon problems from work, the military, illnesses, deaths, etc. The second study replicated the earlier findings in 102 men and women, ages 24 to 84, who reported on a recent low point in semistructured interviews. In addition, 75% reported long-term effects, equally split between negative, positive, and mixed effects. Those individuals who perceived advantages from the low point were significantly more likely to report positive long-term effects. The third study replicated the findings from the first two studies in a sample of 941 men and women ages 23 to 62. Path analyses showed that coping strategies differentially predicted perceived positive or negative outcomes, which in turn predicted current mastery and depression levels. While the findings are cross-sectional and causality cannot be inferred, they are nonetheless supportive of the effects of stress and coping on personality.
我们研究了三个社区样本，以确定压力事件是否构成成年期应对资源发展的背景。第一项研究发现，在845名老年男性样本中，81.9%的人报告称在应对近期问题时借鉴了以往的经验。内容分析显示，只有22.7%的人借鉴了类似的压力事件；其余的人则借鉴了工作、军事、疾病、死亡等方面的问题。第二项研究在102名年龄在24岁至84岁之间的男性和女性中重复了早期的研究结果，这些人在半结构化访谈中报告了近期的低谷期。此外，75%的人报告了长期影响，负面、正面和混合影响各占一半。那些认为低谷期有好处的人更有可能报告积极的长期影响。第三项研究在941名年龄在23岁至62岁之间的男性和女性样本中重复了前两项研究的结果。路径分析表明，应对策略对感知到的积极或消极结果有不同的预测作用，而这些结果反过来又预测了当前的掌控感和抑郁水平。虽然这些发现是横断面的，无法推断因果关系，但它们仍然支持压力和应对对人格的影响。
