Kanerva L, Toikkanen J, Jolanki R, Estlander T
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis. 1996 Oct;35(4):229-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02363.x.
Data on occupational contact urticaria (protein contact dermatitis included) in Finland during 1990-1994 were analyzed. Altogether 815 cases were reported to the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases during this period, compared with 1944 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Accordingly, the total number of occupational allergic contact dermatoses was 2759, 29.5% being contact urticaria and 70.5% being allergic contact dermatitis. Occupational contact urticaria was much more common in women (70%) than in men (30%). The 6 most common causes of contact urticaria were (1) cow dander (362 cases = 44.4%), (2) natural rubber latex (193 cases = 23.7%), (3) flour, grains and feed (92 cases = 11.3%), (4) handling of foodstuffs (25 cases = 3.1%), (5) industrial enzymes (14 cases = 1.7%) and (6) decorative plants (13 cases = 1.6%). The occupations with the highest numbers of occupational contact urticaria were farmers (341 cases), domestic animal attendants (61), bakers (53), nurses (42), chefs (40) and dental assistants (28). The ranking list of the most common occupations with occupational contact urticaria per 100,000 employed workers was as follows: (1) bakers (140.5 cases per 100,000 employed persons), (2) preparers of processed food, (3) dental assistants, (4) veterinary surgeons, (5) domestic animal attendants, (6) farmers and silviculturalists, (7) chefs, cooks and cold buffet managers, (8) dairy workers, (9) horticultural supervisors, (10) laboratory technicians and radiographers, (11) physicians, (12) butchers and sausage makers, (13) laboratory assistants, (14) dentists and (15) nurses (21.2 cases per 100,000 employed person). Low-molecular-weight chemicals caused very few cases of occupational contact urticaria, the most common being 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (5 cases). To summarize, occupational contact urticaria forms a large group of occupational contact dermatoses, and dermatologists need to be able to diagnose IgE-mediated immediate skin allergic diseases.
对1990 - 1994年芬兰职业性接触性荨麻疹（包括蛋白质接触性皮炎）的数据进行了分析。在此期间，芬兰职业病登记处共报告了815例病例，而职业性过敏性接触性皮炎病例有1944例。因此，职业性过敏性接触性皮炎的总数为2759例，其中接触性荨麻疹占29.5%，过敏性接触性皮炎占70.5%。职业性接触性荨麻疹在女性中（70%）比在男性中（30%）更为常见。接触性荨麻疹最常见的6个病因如下：（1）牛毛屑（362例 = 44.4%），（2）天然橡胶乳胶（193例 = 23.7%），（3）面粉、谷物和饲料（92例 = 11.3%），（4）食品处理（25例 = 3.1%），（5）工业酶（14例 = 1.7%），（6）观赏植物（13例 = 1.6%）。职业性接触性荨麻疹病例数最多的职业是农民（341例）、家畜饲养员（61例）、面包师（53例）、护士（42例）、厨师（40例）和牙科助理（28例）。每10万名就业工人中职业性接触性荨麻疹最常见职业的排名如下：（1）面包师（每10万名就业人员中有140.5例），（2）加工食品制备人员，（3）牙科助理，（4）兽医，（5）家畜饲养员，（6）农民和造林工人，（7）厨师、烹饪师和冷餐经理，（8）乳品工人，（9）园艺监督员，（10）实验室技术员和放射技师，（11）医生，（12）屠夫和香肠制作工，（13）实验室助理，（14）牙医，（15）护士（每10万名就业人员中有21.2例）。低分子量化学物质引起的职业性接触性荨麻疹病例极少，最常见的是丙烯酸2 - 乙基己酯（5例）。总之，职业性接触性荨麻疹构成了职业性接触性皮炎的一大类，皮肤科医生需要能够诊断IgE介导的速发型皮肤过敏性疾病。
