Wiebe S H, Hafezi M, Sandhu H S, Sims S M, Dixon S J
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Oral Dis. 1996 Jun;2(2):167-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00218.x.
In this paper, we review the mechanisms thought to be involved in the activation of osteoclasts in periodontitis.
Osteoclasts are regulated by both microbial and host factors. Some factors act directly on cells of the osteoclast lineage, whereas others act indirectly through other cell types in the bone environment. The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6, tumor necrosis factors) have been implicated in the stimulation of osteoclastic resorption. The roles of the immunoregulatory cytoknes (interleukins 2 and 4, interferon gamma) are less clear, but decreased levels of these factors may contribute to periodontitis. A number of lipid mediators may be involved in stimulation of bone resorption. These include bacterial lipopolysaccharide and host-derived platelet-activating factor and prostaglandins. More recently, reactive oxygen intermediates and extracellular nucleotides, both present at sites of inflammation, have been investigated as possible modulators of osteoclast activity. The potential use of antiresorptive therapies in periodontitis is reviewed.
A wide range of host and bacterial factors contribute to the loss of alveolar bone in periodontitis. However, much remains to be understood about the complex mechanisms through which these factors regulate osteoclast activity. Further studies at the cellular and molecular level will lead to a better understanding of these processes and perhaps suggest new approaches for periodontal therapy.
在本文中，我们回顾了被认为与牙周炎中破骨细胞激活有关的机制。
破骨细胞受微生物和宿主因素的双重调节。一些因素直接作用于破骨细胞谱系的细胞，而其他因素则通过骨环境中的其他细胞类型间接起作用。促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素1和6、肿瘤坏死因子）与破骨细胞吸收的刺激有关。免疫调节细胞因子（白细胞介素2和4、干扰素γ）的作用尚不清楚，但这些因子水平的降低可能导致牙周炎。一些脂质介质可能参与骨吸收的刺激。这些包括细菌脂多糖和宿主来源的血小板活化因子以及前列腺素。最近，炎症部位存在的活性氧中间体和细胞外核苷酸已被研究作为破骨细胞活性的可能调节因子。本文还综述了抗吸收疗法在牙周炎中的潜在应用。
多种宿主和细菌因素导致牙周炎中牙槽骨的丧失。然而，关于这些因素调节破骨细胞活性的复杂机制仍有许多有待了解。在细胞和分子水平上的进一步研究将有助于更好地理解这些过程，并可能为牙周治疗提出新的方法。
