U.S. military overseas medical research laboratories.

Many infectious disease threats to U.S. military operations are uncommon in the United States. The advanced development and testing of countermeasures, such as vaccines, drugs, or insect repellents, requires the capability to study militarily important infectious diseases where they occur. With formal agreements between the U.S. and each host country, the U.S. military operates seven overseas medical research laboratories (labs). Six labs conduct infectious disease research and are distributed over three continents: Africa (labs in Egypt and Kenya), Asia (labs in Indonesia and Thailand), and South America (labs in Brazil and Peru). One other lab is located in Germany and conducts psychosocial research related to military personnel and their families. In addition to product development, these labs play vital roles supporting overseas deployments, providing technical training, and promoting international relations. Also, these labs are well positioned to become part of a developing global surveillance and response system to help address the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases. This article will present an overview of this unique medical research capability, describe the history and some of the activities of each lab, and discuss the importance of maintaining these labs in the 21st century.