Wilhelm B, Wilhelm H, Lüdtke H, Adler M, Streicher P
Abteilung für Pathophysiologie des Sehens und Neuroophthalmologie, Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen.
Ophthalmologe. 1996 Aug;93(4):446-50.
To measure vigilance disorders in healthy normals or in patients (narcolepsy, sleep apnea syndrome) is difficult, time-consuming and hardly objective with present methods. Recording and analysis of spontaneous pupillary behaviour in darkness by infrared video pupillography is an objective and time-saving method to measure daytime sleepiness. However, certain external conditions must be satisfied (avoid light, noise, stress) to get reliable results. Spontaneous pupillary oscillations are recorded in darkness over 10 min and data are analyzed by fast Fourier transformation, with additional calculation of the mean pupillary diameter for each time segment (approx. 1 min). While in the alert normal, pupil remains dilated during the measurement in darkness and oscillates with an amplitude below 0.3 mm and a frequency about 1 Hz, there are characteristic changes in fatigue: (1) low-frequency components dominate the spontaneous pupillary oscillations, with an amplitude reaching several millimeters, and (2) pupil diameter decreases with time. Infrared video pupillography could play a role as a screening method and therapy control for hypersonic patients (most frequent: sleep apnea syndrome) with excessive daytime sleepiness. An objective, time-saving method like infrared video pupillography would be useful in sleep medicine and psychiatry when testing the level of vigilance, and in psychology or industrial medicine as well, providing informations about acute vigilance problems in healthy normals.
使用目前的方法来测量健康正常人或患者（发作性睡病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征）的警觉障碍既困难、耗时，且几乎不客观。通过红外视频瞳孔描记术在黑暗中记录和分析自发瞳孔行为是一种客观且省时的测量白天嗜睡程度的方法。然而，必须满足某些外部条件（避免光线、噪音、压力）才能获得可靠的结果。在黑暗中记录10分钟的自发瞳孔振荡，并通过快速傅里叶变换分析数据，同时对每个时间段（约1分钟）额外计算平均瞳孔直径。在警觉的正常人中，在黑暗测量期间瞳孔保持扩张，振荡幅度低于0.3毫米，频率约为1赫兹，而在疲劳状态下会有特征性变化：（1）低频成分在自发瞳孔振荡中占主导，幅度可达数毫米；（2）瞳孔直径随时间减小。红外视频瞳孔描记术可作为对白天过度嗜睡的高音患者（最常见的是睡眠呼吸暂停综合征）进行筛查和治疗监测的方法。像红外视频瞳孔描记术这样客观、省时的方法在睡眠医学和精神病学中检测警觉水平时会很有用，在心理学或工业医学中也有用，能提供有关健康正常人急性警觉问题的信息。
