Shucard D W, Specht C M
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1996 Jan;100(1):78-84. doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(95)00196-4.
Fast habituation of the long-latency, vertex-recorded auditory evoked potential (AEP) peaks in humans was first described by Callaway (1973) as a reduction in AEP amplitude that occurs to the second of a pair of acoustic stimuli when both stimuli are presented with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of no more than 10 sec. When acoustic stimuli are presented in pairs with an ISI of 2 sec and an interpair interval (IPI) of approximately 10 sec, reduction in amplitude to the second tone occurs by as much as 30-50%. Fast habituation may depend somewhat on a subject's anticipation of the stimulus and on other factors related to attention and orienting. Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated this amplitude decrement to the second tone of a pair in human infants, children and adults and have explored the implications of this finding with respect to attentional processes and the allocation of cerebral resources. In the present investigation we describe an animal model of fast habituation. Here, vertex-recorded AEPs were obtained to paired tone stimuli delivered to awake adult male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically implanted with skull electrodes. Findings showed: (a) an AEP wave form with 8 distinct peaks, (b) for one component there was a marked decrement in amplitude from tone 1 to tone 2 in recordings obtained from an electrode placed slightly to the right of midline, and (c) that there were no significant differences in peak latencies across tones. This methodology may further our understanding of fast habituation in humans and may prove useful for studies of attention, orienting, and resource allocation using techniques that are not possible for use with human subjects.
人类中长潜伏期、记录于头顶的听觉诱发电位（AEP）波峰的快速习惯化首先由卡拉韦（1973年）描述为，当一对声学刺激以不超过10秒的刺激间隔（ISI）呈现时，AEP波幅的降低，该降低发生在一对声学刺激中的第二个刺激出现时。当声学刺激以2秒的ISI和大约10秒的组对间隔（IPI）成对呈现时，对第二个音调的波幅降低可达30%-50%。快速习惯化可能在一定程度上取决于受试者对刺激的预期以及与注意力和定向相关的其他因素。我们实验室的研究已经证明了人类婴儿、儿童和成人中一对刺激中的第二个音调的波幅递减，并探讨了这一发现对注意力过程和大脑资源分配的影响。在本研究中，我们描述了一种快速习惯化的动物模型。在此，对长期植入颅骨电极的清醒成年雄性斯普拉-道利大鼠给予成对的音调刺激，记录头顶的AEP。结果显示：（a）一个具有8个明显波峰的AEP波形，（b）对于一个成分，在从中线右侧稍偏位置放置的电极记录中，从音调1到音调2波幅有明显降低，以及（c）各音调的波峰潜伏期没有显著差异。这种方法可能会增进我们对人类快速习惯化的理解，并可能被证明对使用无法用于人类受试者的技术进行注意力、定向和资源分配的研究有用。
