Steudel K
Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Feb;99(2):345-55. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199602)99:2<345::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-X.
How viable is the argument that increased locomotor efficiency was an important agent in the origin of hominid bipedalism? This study reviews data from the literature on the cost of human bipedal walking and running and compares it to data on quadrupedal mammals including several non-human primate species. Literature data comparing the cost of bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in trained capuchin monkeys and chimpanzees are also considered. It is concluded that increased energetic efficiency would not have accrued to early bipeds. Presumably, however, selection for improved efficiency in the bipedal stance would have occurred once the transition was made. Would such a process have included selection for increased limb length? Data on the cost of locomotion vs. limb length reveal no significant relationship between these variables in 21 species of mammals or in human walking or running.
增加的运动效率是人类两足行走起源的一个重要因素，这一论点的可信度有多高？本研究回顾了文献中关于人类两足行走和奔跑成本的数据，并将其与包括几种非人类灵长类物种在内的四足哺乳动物的数据进行比较。还考虑了比较训练有素的卷尾猴和黑猩猩两足和四足运动成本的文献数据。研究得出结论，早期两足动物并没有获得更高的能量效率。然而，据推测，一旦实现了这种转变，就会出现对两足姿势效率提高的选择。这样的过程会包括对增加肢体长度的选择吗？关于运动成本与肢体长度的数据显示，在21种哺乳动物以及人类行走或奔跑中，这些变量之间没有显著关系。
